Pharmacology - anti bleeding drugs, SE & diuretics Flashcards
What are 2 examples of antiplatelets?
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
What does aspirin do?
COX 1 Inhibition (decreased thromboxane A2, this activates platelets)
What does clopidogrel do?
P2Y12 inhibition
Examples of 4 anti coags?
Heparin
Warfarin
DOAC
Thrombolytics
What do
Heparin
Warfarin
DOAC
Thrombolytics
do? Mechanism?
Heparin = Activate antithrombin 3 and inhibit factor 10 (delteparin)
Warfarin = Anti vitamin K (Inhibits Vit K epoxide reductase) - Give vit K IF BLEEDING IN Px on warfarin
DOAC = anti factor 10a; apixaban, nvaroxaban
Thrombolytics = clot buster, alteplase, essentially tPa (activate plasmin to degrade fibrin)
INR in person on warfarin compared to normal person
INR Warfarin = 2-3
normal = below 1.5
NSAIDS mechanism?
Inhibit COX 1 + 2 = Prevent prostaglandin production
What does cox 1 Inhibition cause?
Low gastric mucosal protection + increased stomach pH + High risk of gastropathy (GI ulcer)
What does COX 2 inhibition cause?
Good Anti inflammatory
Celecoxib (selective COX2 inhibitor - NSAIDS)
SE of NSAIDS?
PUD
PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
SE of Ace I?
Increased bradykinin accumulation ‘in lungs’ cause dry cough, switch to ARB
Dilates afferent arteriole (glomerulus) therefore low GFR; cam cause AKI (pre renal; hypo perfusion)
SE PPI
Prolonged use can increase fracture risk
SE opioids
Resp distress = Naloxone
N+V+constipation
tolerance and dependence
SE Loop diuretics and thiazides
Hypokalaemia and dehydration
SE spironolactone
Hyperkalemia
Steroid side effects acronym
Glucocorticoids
CUSHINGOID MAP
CUSHINGOID MAP
Cataracts
Ulcers
Striae
Hypertension
Increased infection risk
Necrosis of bone
Growth restriction
Osteoporosis
High ICP
High risk T2DM
Myopathy
Adipose hypertrophy
Pancreatitis
