Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 2a ICS > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 routes of administration?

A

Enterac
Parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is enterac?

A

Gastrointestinal tract involved eg. Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is parenteral?

A

Non gastrointestinal tract involved eg. IM, IV, SC injections
With local or systemic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common drug target?

A

Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What binds to receptors?

A

Ligands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ligands can either be ….. or ……

A

Agonists or antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Affinity = ?
Efficacy = ?

A

Binding
Activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an agonist?
What is the affinity and efficacy of it?

A

A compound that binds to a receptor and activates it
Full affinity (how well it binds)
Full efficacy (how well receptors activated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an antagonist? What is its affinity and efficacy?

A

A compound that reduces the effect of an agonist
Full affinity (fully bind)
Zero efficacy (inactivate receptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most receptors are what type of receptors?

A

G protein coupled receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does potency mean?

A

How well a drug works (strength)
How much drug is needed to elicit response in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does E(max) mean?

A

Maximal value (efficacy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does EC50 mean?

A

Volume of 50% of sigmoid (half maximal response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drugs can either be ….. or non ….
Give example

A

Selective
Non selective
Beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A beta blocker is what type of drug?

A

Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the names of the 2 types of BB, selective or non selective, what receptors they work on?

A

Propranolol - non selective bb, bind to B1 and B2 receptors
Verapamil - selective bb, bind to B1 receptors only

17
Q

What are the drugs called that have the opposite affect of beta blockers?

A

Beta adrenergic agonists

18
Q

What are 2 examples of beta adrenergic agonists?

A

Isoprenaline - non selective beta agonist - binds to both beta 1 and 2 (increases Contractility and vasoconstriction )

SAB2A - selective b2 agonist - only bronchodilation

19
Q

Enzymes
What are the 2 main examples of enzyme inhibitors?

A

Cox-1
ACE-i

20
Q

What drug is used to inhibit Cox-1?

A

NSAIDS

21
Q

What do NSAIDs do to Cox-1?
What can this lead to?

A

NSAIDs inhibit Cox-1
This decreases prostaglandin production
(Prostaglandins maintain mucosal lining)
Decreased prostaglandins = gastric ulcers (GI bleeds too)

22
Q

What does ACE-inhibitor do?

A

It inhibits angiotensin 1 converting to angiotensin 2
Anti hypertensive
Side effects-hypercalcaemia, dry cough

23
Q

Transporters are mostly dependent on?

A

ATP

24
Q

What are some types of drugs that affect transporters?

A

PPI
Diuretics
SSRIs, TCA

25
Q

PPIs
Example?
Mechanism?

A

Omeprazole
Irreversible inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase pumps
Therefore increase gastric pH

26
Q

What are the 3 types of diuretics?

A

Loop diuretics
Thiazides
Spironolactone

27
Q

Loop diuretics
Example?
Mechanism?

A

Furosemide
Ascending limb in loop of henle = inhibit NKCC2 symporter

28
Q

Thiazides
Example?
Mechanism?

A

Bendroflumethiazide
Distal convoluted tubule - inhibit NaCl co transporter

29
Q

Spironolactone
Mechanism?

A

Collecting ducts
Inhibits aldosterone action, K+ sparing diuretic

30
Q

Which drugs affect ion channels?

A

Calcium channel blockers
Local anaesthetic

31
Q

Examples of CCBs
Mechanisms and what does it cause?

A

Amlodipine, verapamil, dilitiazam
Ca2+ influx = vasoconstriction and increased Contractility

32
Q

Local anaesthetic example?
Mechanism?

A

Lidocaine
Block Na+ voltage gated channels, therefore no fast
Na + influx therefore no AP

33
Q

What is a specific drug and a selective drug?

A

Acts on a certain target
Acts on a subtype of target eg. Cardioselective bb inhibit B1 adenoreceptors not B2

Phase 2a ICS (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions