Pathology - Apoptosis & Necrosis

Question 1

What is apoptosis?

Answer 1

Non inflammatory controlled/programmed cell death

Question 2

How does apoptosis take place?

Answer 2

Cells shrink, organelles retained, cell surface membrane intact, chromatin unaltered, fragmented for easy phagocytosis

Question 3

What protein is important in apoptosis and why?

Answer 3

P53 protein detects DNA damage and triggers apoptosis

Question 4

What are the 3 mechanisms of apoptosis?

Answer 4

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Cytotoxic

Question 5

What is the intrinsic method of apoptosis?

Answer 5

Bax (protein) acts on mitochondrial membrane to promote cytochrome C release , activates caspases, apoptosis

Question 6

What happens in extrinsic apoptosis?

Answer 6

FasL or TNF-L binds to CSM receptors to activate caspases , apoptosis

Question 7

What happens in cytotoxic apoptosis?

Answer 7

CD8+ binding releases granzyme B from CD8+ cell, release perforin, caspases, apoptosis

Question 8

Why is apoptosis important?

Answer 8

Development- remove cells in development eg, interdigital webs

Cell turnover - intestinal villi

Question 9

What is necrosis?

Answer 9

Inflammatory, traumatic cell death

Question 10

How does necrosis take place?

Answer 10

Cells burst, organelles splurge, CSM damages, chromatin altered, cell is f**d

Question 11

Examples of necrosis?

Answer 11

Infarction, frostbite, toxic venom, pancreatitis