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Pharmacology General Flashcards

1
Q

How is the parasympathetic system innervated?

A

2 neurons/2 synapse, all are Ach/Nicotinic receptor, terminal synapse is Ach/Muscarinic receptor,

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2
Q

What does the parasympathetic system innervate?

A

Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals

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3
Q

How is the sympathetic system innervated?

A

2 neurons/2 synapse (all Ach/Nicotinic). Terminal synapse: Mostly NE/alpha-beta adrenergic receptors (cardiac/smooth muscle, gland cells)

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4
Q

What are exceptions in the sympathetic nervous system with regards to terminal synapses?

A

Sweat glands (Ach/Muscarinic), Renal vasculature/smooth muscle (Dopamine/D1,D2), Adrenal medulla (direct release of epi/NE into bloodstream)

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5
Q

How is somatic nervous system innervated?

A

1 neuron/1 synapse (Ach/Nicotinic at NMJ)

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6
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

prevents neurotransmitter release at all cholinergic terminals

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7
Q

Nicotinic Ach receptors

A

Ligand gated Na/K channels (Nn autonomic ganglia; Nm in NMJ)

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8
Q

Muscarinic Ach receptors

A

GPCRs

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9
Q

alpha 1 receptor (G-protein class, functions)

A

Gq, increases vascular smooth muscle contraction/mydriasis/intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction

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10
Q

alpha 2 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gi, decreases sympathetic outflow/insulin release/lipolysis, increases platelet aggregation

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11
Q

B1 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gs, increase heart rate/contractility/renin release/lipolysis

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12
Q

B2 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gs, Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase heart rate/contractility/lipolysis/insulin release, decreases uterine tone/ciliary muscle relaxation, increases aqueous humor production

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13
Q

M1 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gq, CNS, enteric nervous system

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14
Q

M2 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gi, decrease HR/contractility of atria

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15
Q

M3 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gq, increase exocrine gland secretion (lacrimal, salivary,gastric acid), increase gut peristalsis/bladder contraction/bronchoconstriction, increase miosis (sphincter, accomodation (ciliary muscle)

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16
Q

D1 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gs, relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

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17
Q

D2 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gi, modulates transmitter release esp in brain

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18
Q

H1 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gq, increase nasal/bronchial mucus production, increases vascular permeability, contraction of bronchioles, pruritus and pain

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19
Q

H2 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gs, increase gastric acid secretion

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20
Q

V1 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gq, increase vascular smooth muscle contraction

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21
Q

V2 receptor (GPCR, function)

A

Gs, increase water permeability and reabsorption in collecting tubules of kidney

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22
Q

Hemicholinium

A

blocks choline transporter–anticholinergic

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23
Q

Vesamicol

A

blocks ACh transport into vesicles

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24
Q

Botulinum

A

blocks SNARE prevents Ach release into synapse

25
Metyrosine
inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase (blocks tyrosine to DOPA conversion)
26
Reserpine
blocks VMAT, prevents transport of NE into vesicles
27
Bretylium and guanethidine vs amphetamine
block release vs promote release of NE
28
cocaine, tcas, amphetamine
block re-uptake of NE
29
release modulating receptors of NE
alpha 2--NE agonist, decreases sympathetic outflow; angiotensin 2 receptor increases NE release-->increase BP
30
Bethanechol
cholinomimetic agent--postop ileus, neurogenic ileus, urinary retention
31
carbachol
cholinomimetic: glaucoma, pupillary constriction, relief of intraocular pressure
32
pilocarpine
cholinomimetic: potent stimulator of sweat, tears, saliva, open-angle and closed angle glaucoma
33
resistant to AchE
pilocarpine
34
used in anticholinergic poisoning, penetrates CNS
physostigmine
35
what are some AchE inhibitors?
all of the -stigmine; donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine (alzheimers); edrophonium
36
organophosphate poisoning
cholinergic (irreversibly inhibits AchE) poisning: DUMBBELSS: diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, sweating, salivation; antidote is atropine
37
muscarinic antagonist used in parkinsons
Benztropine
38
scopolamine
muscarinic antagonist used in motion sickness
39
muscarinin antagonist used in COPD, asthma
ipatropium, tiotropium
40
muscarinin antagonist used to reduce urgency in cystitis, reduce bladder spasms
oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin
41
preop use to reduce airway secretions, drooling, peptic ulcers
glycopyyrolate; muscarinic antagonist
42
what to watch out for when using cholinergic medications?
increase of secretions: exacerbation of COPD, asthma, and peptic ulcers
43
what is the anti-ach toxidrome?
hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, bowel/bladder lose their tone, heart runs alone
44
plant alkaloids (jimson weed)
anticholinergic poisoning
45
epinephrine
Beta > alpha agonist; anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, hypotension; alpha effects predominate at high doses
46
norepinephrine
a1 > a2 > B1; use in hypotension but lowers renal perfusion
47
isproteronol
B1 = B2
48
dopamine
D1 = D2 > B > a
49
dobutamine
B1 > B2 > alpha
50
phenylephrine
a1 > a2
51
albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline
B2 > B1
52
what are two sympatholytics?
clonidine and alpha-methyldopa--alpha2 agonists
53
sympatholytic used in pregnancy that can cause coombs+ hemolytic anemia and SLE like syndrom
alpha methyldopa
54
used preop for pheochromocytoma patients
phenoxybenzamine--alpha blocker used to prevent hypertensive crisis
55
given to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods
phentolamine--alpha blocker
56
selective a1 blockers
-osin endings; used in BPH, PTSD (prazosin); and HTN (except tamsulosin)
57
beta blocker that causes dyslipidemia
metoprolol
58
activates B3 receptors
Nebivolol--cardiac selective B1 blockade, stimulation of B3 activating NO synthase in vasculature

(First Aid) + Pharm + (Secrets) (36 decks)

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