Microbiology--Virology

Question 1

Live attenuated vaccines:

Answer 1

induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity: smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, sabin polio virus, MMR, intranasal influenza

Question 2

Killed vaccines

Answer 2

induce only humoral immunity: rabies, influenza, salk polio, HAV

Question 3

Recombinant vaccines:

Answer 3

HBV (HBsAg), HPV (6/11/16/18)

Question 4

which DNA viruses are dsDNA

Answer 4

all except parvovirus (ssDNA)

Question 5

which DNA viruses are linear?

Answer 5

all except papilloma, polyoma and hepadenaviruses (circular)

Question 6

which RNA viruses are ssRNA?

Answer 6

all except reoviridae (dsRNA)

Question 7

which RNA viruses are positive stranded?

Answer 7

retrovirus, togavirus, flavivirus, coronavirus, hepevirus, calicivirus, picornavirus: I went to a retro toga party where I drank flavored Corona and ate hippy california pickles.

Question 8

which purified nucleic acids of viruses are infection? general rules?

Answer 8

most dsDNA (except poxvirus/HBV) and +strand ssRNA viruses are infection. -strand ssRNA and dsRNA are not infectious and require polymerases contained in complete virion.

Question 9

DNA viruses replicate where?

Answer 9

nucleus (except poxvirus–carries its own DNA dependent RNA polymerase)

Question 10

RNA viruses replicated where?

Answer 10

cytoplasm (except influenza and retroviruses)

Question 11

Naked viruses are which:

Answer 11

Papillomavirus, adenovirus, parvovirus, polyomavirus, calicivirus, picornavirus, reovirus, hepevirus: give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked Heppy (DNA = PAPP, RNA = CPR)

Question 12

what are the DNA viruses:

Answer 12

HHAPPPPy: hepadna, herpes, adeno, pox, parvo, papilloma, polyoma

Question 13

what are the two polyoma viruses:

Answer 13

JC virus: PML in HIV; BK virus: transplant patients targeting kidney

Question 14

flesh colored dome lesions with central umbilicated dimple

Answer 14

molluscum contagiosum–poxvirus

Question 15

latent in trigeminal ganglia

Answer 15

HSV-1

Question 16

latent in sacral ganglia

Answer 16

HSV-2

Question 17

latent is dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia

Answer 17

VZV (HHV-3)

Question 18

infects B cells, reactive cytotoxic T cells seen on smear

Answer 18

EBV (HHV 4)

Question 19

Which diseases is EBV ass. with?

Answer 19

hodgkin lymphoma, endemic burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal Ca

Question 20

latent in mononuclear cells, owl eye inclusions

Answer 20

CMV (HHV 5)

Question 21

roseola–exanthem subitum; high fevers that can cause seizures followed by diffuse macular rash

Answer 21

HHV6

Question 22

dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions

Answer 22

Kaposi sarcoma–HHV8, endothelial growths

Question 23

Tzank test

Answer 23

smear of opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells

Question 24

intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions

Answer 24

a cell infected with HSV

Question 25

What are the negative stranded RNA viruses?

Answer 25

Arenaviruses, Bunyavirus, Paramyxoviruses, Orthomyxovirus, Filovirus, Rhabdovirus; Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication; All have RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 26

Which are the segmented viruses?

Answer 26

All RNA viruses. BOAR: bunyavirus, orthomyxoviruses (influenza), arenaviruses, reoviruses

Question 27

What are some picornaviruses?

Answer 27

Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV (PERCH)--RNA is translated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins

Question 28

high fever, black vomitus, jaundice

Answer 28

flavivirus--yellow fever virus--"flavi" = yellow; abovirus via Aedes mosquito

Question 29

most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis, acute diarrhea esp during winter in daycares

Answer 29

rotavirus; segmented dsRNA virus (reovirus); villous destruction with atrophy leads to hyponatremia and hypokalemia

Question 30

what proteins does influenza virus have to help in virulence?

Answer 30

hemagglutinin to promote viral entry, neuraminidase to promote progeny release

Question 31

fever, postauricular and other lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine rash

Answer 31

rubella vrus, togavirus

Question 32

"blueberry muffin" appearance in newborn

Answer 32

congenital rubella infection indicative of extramedullary hematopoesis

Question 33

what diseases to paramyxoviruses cause?

Answer 33

Parainfluenza (croup); RSV (bronchiolitis in babies; ribavirin); Measles, Mumps

Question 34

what is common to all paramyxoviruses that aids in their virulence?

Answer 34

all make F (fusion) protein that causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells--Pavalizumab is monoclonal ab against F protein (used to prevent RSV infection in premature infants)

Question 35

koplik spots and descending maculopapular rash

Answer 35

measles virus--paramyxovirus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, cough/coryza/conjunctivitis; use vit Ato prevent exfoliative dermatitis in malnourished children

Question 36

paratotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis

Answer 36

Mumps paramyxovirus

Question 37

bullet shaped virus

Answer 37

Rabies--negi bodies found in purkinje cells of cerebellum and in hippocampal neurons--retrograde movement up nerve axons

Question 38

HIV env protein

Answer 38

gp120 (docking glycoprotein, attachement to host CD4+ T cells) gp41 (transmembrane glycoprotein, fusion and entry)

Question 39

gag HIV

Answer 39

p24--capsid protein

Question 40

HIV pol

Answer 40

reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

Question 41

which receptors on which immune cells does HIV bind to

Answer 41

early: HIV binds to CCR5 on CD4+ T cells; late: HIV binds CXCR4; binds CCR5 and CD4 on macrophages; homozygous CCR5 mutation gives immunity to HIV

Question 42

HIV positive adult: low grade fevers, cough, HSM, tongue ulcer, CD4 < 100

Answer 42

histoplasma capsulatum (only causes pulmonary symptoms in immunocompetent hosts)

Question 43

HIV positive adult: fluffy white cottage cheese lesions

Answer 43

C albicans: mouth if CD4 < 400; esophageal CD4 < 100

Question 44

HIV positive adult: hairy leukoplakia

Answer 44

EBV

Question 45

HIV positive adult: superficial vascular proliferation with neutrophilic inflammation

Answer 45

bartonella henselae

Question 46

HIV positive adult: chronic water diarrhea with acid fast cysts

Answer 46

cryptosporidium CD4 < 200

Question 47

HIV positive adult: encephalopathy

Answer 47

JC virus, CD4 < 200

Question 48

HIV positive adult: meningitis

Answer 48

cryptococcus, CD < 50

Question 49

HIV positive adult: retinitis and esophagitis

Answer 49

CMV, CD4 < 50

Question 50

EBV + HIV associations:

Answer 50

non hodgkin large cell lymphoma (often on oropharynx) and primary CNS lymphoma

Question 51

HIV positive adult: cancer on anus

Answer 51

SCC, HPV, men who have sex with men

Question 52

HIV positive adult: superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature with lymphocytic inflammation

Answer 52

Kaposi HHV8

Question 53

HIV positive adult: pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrate

Answer 53

aspergillus fumigatus

Question 54

HIV positive adult: CD4 < 200, ground glass on imagine

Answer 54

PCP

Question 55

HIV positive adult: pneumonia, CD4 > 200

Answer 55

S pneumoniae

Question 56

HIV positive adult: TB like disease; CD4 < 50

Answer 56

MAC