Pharmacology (Exam 1) Flashcards
Medications with the ability to kill or inhibit growth of bacteria.
Antibiotics
Given before to minimize post surgery infections.
Prophylaxis
Bactericidal agents that act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis resulting in bacterial lysis.
Penicillin
Bactericidal agents that act by inhibiting cell membrane synthesis. Anti-staphyloccus agents.
Cephalosporins
Antibacterial against enteric bacteria and chlamydia species. Not often used in orthopedic infections.
Tetracyclines
Infection after open fractures which antibiotic is best for treatment?
Cephalosporin with or without an aminoglycoside
Internal fracture fixation devices generally are recognized as _____ infection.
Increasing
Bacteria are capable of colonizing the surface of _____ implant devices for fracture stabilization and joint replacement.
Metal
____ % infection with stainless steel.
75%
____% infection with titanium.
35%
A heat-stable antibiotic is manually impregnanted within bone cement.
Polymethlymethacrylate (PMMA)
Anti-inflammatory agents. Inhibit the migration of leukocyte and suppress production of prostaglandins. Used for moderate to severe painful inflammatory musculoskeletal condition.
Corticosteroids
_____ maximize local effects of the drug while minimizing deleterious systemic effects.
Steroids
Non-weight bearing small joints respond best to _______.
Intraarticular injections.
Injections of the knee of OA pain and inflammation generally are effective at ___ week with relief of symptoms similar to placebo at ___ weeks.
1 week, 4 weeks
Potential rupture of ligaments or tendons. Inhibit collagen synthesis.
Possible complications with intraarticular injections.
Large weight bearing joints should be rested _____ hours after injection with a minimum of ___ weeks between injections.
24 hours, 4 weeks.
Decrease pain and inflammation.
NSAIDS (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
Manage mild to moderate pain. Available without prescription. Decrease inflammation and fever. Inhibits platelet induced thrombus formation. Should not be given to children.
Aspirin
Potentially fatal disease that causes detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver, as well as causing hypoglycemia.
Reye Syndrome
Treating fever in children. No anti-inflammatory effects.
Tylenol (Acetaminophen)
Decrease inflammation, pain, fever. Decrease production of prostaglandins.
Advil or Motrin
Acute treatment of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism. Also, before joint replacement and other surgeries.
Heparin, Coumadin
Must be administered parentally (IV).
Heparin
Administered orally.
Warfarin
Hemorrhage, increased bleeding, unusual urine bleeding or blood in stools, back pain, joint pain, or GI distress.
Adverse Effects of Anticoagulants
