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Orthopedics > Knee (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Knee (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Incomplete stretching of ligament fibers. Giving away feeling.

A

Mild: Grade I or First Degree Sprain

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2
Q

Partial loss of ligament fiber integrity.

A

Moderate: Grade II or Second Degree Sprain

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3
Q

Rupture fiber bundles completely torn.

A

Severe: Grade III or Third Degree Sprain

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4
Q

Combined external rotation, valgus stress, and internal tibial rotation with knee hyper-extension with limb is planted.

A

ACL Injuries

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5
Q

Removal of Fluid

A

Athrocentesis

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6
Q

Blood

A

Ligament Tear

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7
Q

Blood with Fat Droplets

A

Fracture or Ligament Sprain

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8
Q

No Blood

A

Chronic Meniscus Lesion or Synovitis

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9
Q

Mild Instability. 5mm or less of joint surface separation.

A

Graded 1+

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10
Q

Moderate Instability. 5 - 10mm joint surface separation.

A

Graded 2+

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11
Q

Severe Instability. 10mm or greater joint surface separation.

A

Graded 3+

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12
Q

Graft is very fragile for ____ months after surgery.

A

2 months (6-8 weeks)

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13
Q

Graft slowly revascularizes. By ___ months tensile strength 50% of original strength.

A

3 months

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14
Q

Hardest motion to get back after ACL injury.

A

Extension

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15
Q

Maximum Protection (ACL)

A

Day 1 - 6 Weeks

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16
Q

Moderate Protection (ACL)

A

7 - 12 Weeks

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17
Q

Minimum Protection (ACL)

A

13 Weeks Post Op until Return

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18
Q

Posterior force on anterior knee when flexed. Hyper flexion of the knee.

A

PCL Injuries

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19
Q

Most important factor is quad strength. Need to develop strength to greater than 100% of uninvolved limb for success.

A

Nonoperative PCL Management

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20
Q

Most commonly injured knee ligament.

A

MCL Injury

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21
Q

Direct external valgus force applied to lateral knee. Non contact when foot is planted and tibia is rotated externally or abducted.

A

MCL Injury Cause

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22
Q

Grade I MCL Sprain

A

20% have other ligament injuries.

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23
Q

Grade II MCL Sprain

A

52% have other ligament injuries.

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24
Q

Grade III MCL Sprain

A

78% have other ligament injuries.

25
Q

____ and ____ meniscus have an attachment to each other.

A

MCL and Medial Meniscus

26
Q

MCL, ACL, and Medial Meniscus

A

Unhappy Triad

27
Q

MCL, ACL, and Lateral Meniscus

A

More Commonly Injured Triad

28
Q

90% Type I Collagen

A

Menisci

29
Q

Stability, Shock Absorption, Load Transmission, Nutrition, Lubrication, Control of Motion

A

Function of Menisci

30
Q

Most common in older population.

A

Horizontal Meniscus

31
Q

50-90% of tears in young population.

A

Longitudinal Meniscus

32
Q

Most common in younger, active population.

A

Traumatic Injury

33
Q

Most common in greater than 40 population.

A

Degenerative Injury

34
Q

A line drawn from the ASIS through the center of the patella and distally to the tibial tubercle.

A

Quadriceps Angle (Q Angle)

35
Q

Femoral anterversion. Femoral Internal Rotation. Patella facing toward each other. Proximal external tibial torsion. Foot pronation.

A

Miserable Malalignment Syndrome

36
Q

Anterior Knee Pain. Prolonged sitting. Stairs. Running. Crepitus. Swelling.

A

PFPS (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome) Signs

37
Q

Pelvic drop, femoral adduction, internal rotation, genu valgum, tibial internal rotation, and hyperpronation.

A

Dynamic Valgus

38
Q

Occurs when hip musculature cannot overcome external torque caused by gravity acting on the body’s mass.

A

Dynamic Valgus

39
Q

Frees up the lateral structures, allowing patella to shift medially.

A

Lateral Reticular Release with VMO Advancement

40
Q

VMO surgically cut and advanced to a more mechanically advantageous angel to help produce a more midline pull of the patella.

A

VMO Advancement

41
Q

Remove insertion of patellar tendon, elevate and reattach in a more mechanically advantageous.

A

Distal Realignment Procedure

42
Q

Reduce severe patellofemoral compression loads and compression.

A

Distal Realignment Procedure

43
Q

Softening or degeneration of articular cartilage on posterior patella.

A

Chondromalacia

44
Q

Direct contact with hard surface. Violent quad contraction.

A

Fractures of the Patella

45
Q

Prosthesis cemented or glued to bone. Most common.

A

Cemented

46
Q

Bone grows directly into prosthesis. Used for Osteoarthritis (OA).

A

Porous

47
Q

Less invasive than TKA. Arthritis on only one side.

A

Partial/Unicompartmental Knee Replacement

48
Q

For DJD of one compartment. Usually medial compartment. Usually patients >60 years. Temporary solution for 7-10 years before having TKA.

A

High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)

49
Q

Attempts to realign tibiofemoral joint by surgically removing a wedge of bone from the tibia or distal femur depending on joint deformity.

A

Hip Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)

50
Q

Jumper’s Knee. Inflammation of the patellar tendon. Most common in athletes who perform repeated jumping.

A

Patellar Tendinitis

51
Q

Tenderness at the insertion of the quadriceps tendon to the patella. Pain with resisted knee extension.

A

Assessment for Patella Tendinitis

52
Q

Inflammation at the growth plate of the tibial tuberosity. Usually 11-15 years old. More common in males.

A

Osgood Schlatters Disease

53
Q

Involve articular surface of the knee joint. High risk of developing OA.

A

Tibial Plateau Fracture

54
Q

Pain/Tenderness along medial aspect of knee. More common in the elderly.

A

Pes Anserine Bursitis

55
Q

When does avascular necrosis occur?

A

First 6-8 Weeks

56
Q

Zone I: Red on Red. Circulation on both sides of tear.

A

Repair

57
Q

Zone II: Red on White. Circulation on one side of tear.

A

Repair

58
Q

Zone III: White on White. No blood supply on either side of tear.

A

Partial or Total Meniscetomy

Orthopedics (17 decks)

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