Hip and Pelvis (Exam 2) Flashcards
Most common among elderly women. Due to higher incidence of osteoporosis.
Hip Fractures
Most common acute orthopedic injury in the geriatric population.
Hip Fractures
Most significant complication. Due to osteonecrosis and loss of blood supply to femoral head.
Avascular Necrosis
Avoid extreme abduction and ER to avoid re-disolocation.
Anterior Hip Dislocation
Avoid hip adduction, internal rotation, and flexion.
Posterior Hip Dislocation
Extensive DJD. Changing femoral neck-shaft angle so that healthy cartilage is exposed in order to reduce pain and improve function.
Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
Replaces damaged femoral head with a bipolar prosthesis. Two separate components.
Hemiarthroplasty
Performed for femoral head osteonecrosis or a severe femoral head fracture.
Hemioarthroplasty
Replaces both joint surfaces.
THA/THR
Avoid hip adduction, hip IR, flexion past 90 degrees, and hyperextension.
Total Hip Precautions
Accesses the hip between the Gluteus Maximus and Medius. Capsule and external rotators are released and hip is dislocated posteriorly.
Posteriolateral Approach
Uses the space between the Gluteus Medius and TFL. Glut Medius, Glut Minimus are commonly damaged/cut in this approach.
Anterolateral Approach
Younger patients with OA. Metal cap placed on femoral head. Cup placed in acetabulum.
Hip Resurfacing Surgery
Flattening of femoral head due to noninflammatory self-limiting syndrome. In which there is a disruption of blood supply to the femoral head. Pediatric Population.
Pegg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Found posterior to greater trochanter. Bursa becomes irritated and inflamed due to excessive compression and repeated friction as ITB snaps over bursa.
Trochanteric Bursitis
Pain over ischial tuberosity. Direct contusion or prolonged sitting. May mimic a hamstring strain at origin.
Ischial Bursitis
Local tenderness over iliopsoas muscle. Caused by tight iliopsoas with/without excessive hip extension.
Iliopectinal Bursitis
Sudden, forceful contraction of hamstring. Decelerating lower leg against concentric contraction of the quads during running as the hamstrings contact eccentrically.
Hamstring Strains
Sudden forceful extreme hip extension. Forced hip flexion against resistance.
Hip Flexor Strain
Direct blow or fall onto lilac crest. Sudden forceful contraction or overstitching of a muscle with an attachment on the iliac crest.
Contusions
Extensive and potentially life threatening.
Pelvic Fractures
Major weight bearing structure with articular cartilage surface.
Acetabulum Fracture
Long thick band of connective tissue. Helps stabilize and control the knee joint in addition to the hip. During running, helps stabilize the hip and knee at initial contact.
IT Band Syndrome
Most common dislocation of the hip joint.
Posterior
Hip Precautions
No flexion past 90 degrees. No hip IR, Adduction beyond neutral (posterior). No hip extension or ER beyond neutral (anterior).
