pharmacology chapter 34: bacterial cell wall synthesis Flashcards
what 3rd generation cephalosporin is used for treatment of R. aeruginosa
ceftazidime
what are major adverse effects to ethambutol
optic neuritis, scotomas
what other things does bacitracin need to work
needs zinc or magnesium
what is cycloserine used for the treatment of
M. tuberculosis and MAC
what are first generation cephalosporins primarily used for
gram positives
where type of infections are cefotetan and cefoxitin primarily used for
intra-abdominal and pelvic infections
what is the mechanism of action of fosfomycin and fosmidomycin
inhibition production of murein monomers by inhibiting synthesis of UDP-NAM from UDP-NAG (inhibits MurA)
what does cycloserine inhibit the hepatic metabolism of
phenytoin
what type of medicine are most patients allergic to that are given aztreonam
penicillin
what is penicillin can treat against invasive enterococcal infections and listeria meningitis
ampicillin
what co-administration can lead to decreased absorption of fosmidomycin and fosfomycin
antacids and motility agents
what are the adverse effects of cycloserin
seizures, peripheral neuropathy
what is cycloserine a structural analog of
D-Ala
what is a major contraindication of cycloserine
epilepsy
what are the contraindications for using pyrazinamide
acute gout, severe hepatic dysfunction
what type of bacteria is aztreonam used for
gram negative (NO positive coverage)
what are the second generation cephalosporins
cefuroxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin
what is the major contraindication for using isoniazid or ethionamide
acute liver disease
what class of cephalosporins have the highest CNS penetration
3rd
what does isoniazid inhibit
FAS2
what is the major adverse effect of cefepime
may produce erythrocyte autoantibodies without significant hemolysis
what are the major adverse effects of using pyrazinamide
hepatotoxicity, arthralgia, hyperuricemia
how is telavancin administered
IV only
what is the mechanism of action of bacitracin
inhibits dephospho rylation of bactoprenyl diphosphate
what 3rd generation cephalosporin is primarily used for treatment of H. influenza
cefotaxime
what does pyrazinamide inhibit
FAS1
what type of bacteria is cefepime mostly used for
gram positive
what drugs can cause red man syndrome
vancomycin
what are the first generation cephalosporins
cefazolin and cephalexin
how are penicillin G and V administered
G via IV; V via oral
what generation is cefepime
4th
what are fosmidomycin and fosfomycin used for the treatment of
gram negative UTIs (E. coli, klebsiella, sebratia, clostridia
what is the mechanism of action of daptomycin
integrates into gram positive bacterial membrane, leading to formation of pores that cause potassium efflux, membrane depolarization and cell death
what does ethionamide inhibit
arabinosyl transferase
when is the nephrotoxicity increased with use of vancomycin
with ahminoglycosides
what cephalosporins can be used as surgical prophylaxis
cephalexin, cefazolin
what drug should daptomycin not be co-administered with
statins
