pharmacology chapter 34: bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 1

what 3rd generation cephalosporin is used for treatment of R. aeruginosa

Answer 1

ceftazidime

Question 2

what are major adverse effects to ethambutol

Answer 2

optic neuritis, scotomas

Question 3

what other things does bacitracin need to work

Answer 3

needs zinc or magnesium

Question 4

what is cycloserine used for the treatment of

Answer 4

M. tuberculosis and MAC

Question 5

what are first generation cephalosporins primarily used for

Answer 5

gram positives

Question 6

where type of infections are cefotetan and cefoxitin primarily used for

Answer 6

intra-abdominal and pelvic infections

Question 7

what is the mechanism of action of fosfomycin and fosmidomycin

Answer 7

inhibition production of murein monomers by inhibiting synthesis of UDP-NAM from UDP-NAG (inhibits MurA)

Question 8

what does cycloserine inhibit the hepatic metabolism of

Answer 8

phenytoin

Question 9

what type of medicine are most patients allergic to that are given aztreonam

Answer 9

penicillin

Question 10

what is penicillin can treat against invasive enterococcal infections and listeria meningitis

Answer 10

ampicillin

Question 11

what co-administration can lead to decreased absorption of fosmidomycin and fosfomycin

Answer 11

antacids and motility agents

Question 11

what are the adverse effects of cycloserin

Answer 11

seizures, peripheral neuropathy

Question 13

what is cycloserine a structural analog of

Answer 13

D-Ala

Question 13

what is a major contraindication of cycloserine

Answer 13

epilepsy

Question 16

what are the contraindications for using pyrazinamide

Answer 16

acute gout, severe hepatic dysfunction

Question 17

what type of bacteria is aztreonam used for

Answer 17

gram negative (NO positive coverage)

Question 18

what are the second generation cephalosporins

Answer 18

cefuroxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin

Question 20

what is the major contraindication for using isoniazid or ethionamide

Answer 20

acute liver disease

Question 21

what class of cephalosporins have the highest CNS penetration

Answer 21

3rd

Question 22

what does isoniazid inhibit

Answer 22

FAS2

Question 23

what is the major adverse effect of cefepime

Answer 23

may produce erythrocyte autoantibodies without significant hemolysis

Question 25

what are the major adverse effects of using pyrazinamide

Answer 25

hepatotoxicity, arthralgia, hyperuricemia

Question 26

how is telavancin administered

Answer 26

IV only

Question 28

what is the mechanism of action of bacitracin

Answer 28

inhibits dephospho rylation of bactoprenyl diphosphate

Question 29

what 3rd generation cephalosporin is primarily used for treatment of H. influenza

Answer 29

cefotaxime

Question 30

what does pyrazinamide inhibit

Answer 30

FAS1

Question 31

what type of bacteria is cefepime mostly used for

Answer 31

gram positive

Question 32

what drugs can cause red man syndrome

Answer 32

vancomycin

Question 32

what are the first generation cephalosporins

Answer 32

cefazolin and cephalexin

Question 33

how are penicillin G and V administered

Answer 33

G via IV; V via oral

Question 33

what generation is cefepime

Answer 33

4th

Question 34

what are fosmidomycin and fosfomycin used for the treatment of

Answer 34

gram negative UTIs (E. coli, klebsiella, sebratia, clostridia

Question 34

what is the mechanism of action of daptomycin

Answer 34

integrates into gram positive bacterial membrane, leading to formation of pores that cause potassium efflux, membrane depolarization and cell death

Question 36

what does ethionamide inhibit

Answer 36

arabinosyl transferase

Question 37

when is the nephrotoxicity increased with use of vancomycin

Answer 37

with ahminoglycosides

Question 37

what cephalosporins can be used as surgical prophylaxis

Answer 37

cephalexin, cefazolin

Question 37

what drug should daptomycin not be co-administered with

Answer 37

statins