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LECOM S3 PBL > pharmacology chapter 33: bacterial infections (DNA replication, transscript, and translate) > Flashcards

pharmacology chapter 33: bacterial infections (DNA replication, transscript, and translate) Flashcards

1
Q

name the quinolones

A

ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, olfoxacin

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2
Q

what quinolone can cause tendon rupture

A

ciprofloxacin

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3
Q

what is the common ending for quinolones

A

-xacin

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4
Q

what is the contraindication for ciprofloxacin use

A

concomitant tizanidine administration

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5
Q

why should you avoid co-administration of thioridazine with quinolones

A

can cause increased risk of cardiotoxicity (QT prolongation, tornadoes de points, cardiac arrest)

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6
Q

what do quinolones inhibit

A

topoisomerase II

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7
Q

what type of bacteria are quinolone used against

A

gram negative

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8
Q

what do rifabutin and rifampin inhibit

A

type 2 topoisomerases

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9
Q

what is a contraindication for rifabutin and rifampin use

A

active neisseria meningitides infection

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10
Q

what drug should not be used concurrently with rifabutin

A

clarithromycin

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11
Q

how might rifampin effect cyclosporine use

A

may reduce its concentration and efficacy

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12
Q

what 3 drugs bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit

A

ahminoglycosides, spectinomycin, tetracyclines

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13
Q

what are the major adverse effects with aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity and acute renal failure

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14
Q

what is the alternative therapy for gonorrhea that binds to 30S subunit

A

spectinomycin

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15
Q

what is the major therapeutic consideration for spectinomycin

A

permits formation of the 70S complex but inhibits translocation

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16
Q

what is the only tetracycline that can be used in patients with kidney disease

A

doxycycline

17
Q

what tetracycline can be used for malarial prophylaxis

A

doxycycline

18
Q

who are tetracyclines contraindicated for

A

last half of pregnancy, infancy, children under 8 years of age, patients with severe renal impairment

19
Q

why should tetracyclines be taken on an empty stomach

A

because calcium products interfere with its absorption

20
Q

why should tetracyclines not be co-administered with acitretin

A

because of increased risk of elevated intracranial pressure

21
Q

what is the major contraindication for macrolides and ketolides

A

hepatic dysfunction

22
Q

what is chloramphenicol used to treat

A

broad spectrum antibiotic active against bacteria (especially anaerobes) and rickettsiae

23
Q

what are the major adverse effects with chloramphenicol

A

hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome

24
Q

what does chloramphenicol antagonize the bactericidal effects of

A

penicillins and ahminoglycosides

25
Q

what are most adverse effects of chloramphenicol due to

A

inhibition of mitochondrial function

26
Q

what infections are lincosamides (clindamycin) used for

A

bacterial infections due to anaerobic organisms (i.e.: bacteriodes)

27
Q

what are the major adverse effects of clindamycin

A

pseudomembranous colitis, increased liver function, jaundice

28
Q

what is clindamycin associated with the overgrowth of

A

C. difficile

29
Q

what are streptogramins (dalfopristin/quinupristin) used to treat against

A

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (VREF), and skin infections caused by staphylococcus aereus and S> pyogenes

30
Q

why should streptogramins not be used with SSRIs

A

due to risk of serotonin syndrome

31
Q

why should streptogramins not be used with pimozide

A

due to increased risk of cardiotoxicty

32
Q

what is linezolid resisted by in some bacteria

A

mutation in the 50S subunit’s 23S rRNA region

33
Q

what is linezolid used for the treatment of

A

gram positive bacterial infections, nosocomial pneumonia, complicated diabetic foot infections

34
Q

what are the major adverse effects of linezolid

A

myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuropathy

35
Q

what is the mechanism of retapamulin

A

bind to pocket in A site where aminoacyl tRNA normally binds (binding also extends to P site)

36
Q

what is retapamulin used for the treatment of

A

impetigo due to MRSA or streptococcus pyogenes

37
Q

what is the common adverse effect of retapamulin use

A

application site irritation

38
Q

what is the major therapeutic consideration for retapamulin

A

topical application for bacterial skin infections

LECOM S3 PBL (10 decks)

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