pharmacology 37-antivirals Flashcards
what receptor does Maraviroc block
CCR5
how does Enfuviritide block HIV attachment and entry
inhibiting gp41-mediated fusion of HIV envelope with the host plasma membrane
what are the major adverse effects of Maraviroc
hepatotoxicity, MI/ischemia
what does Enfuviritide mimic
HR2
what are the major common adverse effects of Enfuviritide
gullain-barre syndrome, 6th nerve palsy
how must enfuviritide be administered
parenterally
what is the role of M2 with influenza infection
acidifies the interior of the virus
what is amantadine used to treat
influenza A AND parkinsonism
what is rimantadine used for the treatment of
influenza A
what phosphorylates cidofovir
cellular enzymes
what ads the first phosphate to acyclovir
viral thymidine kinase
what is the prodrug of acyclovir that has greater oral bioavailability
valacyclovir
when can renal failure occur when using acyclovir or valacyclovir
when it is IV administration
what is the major adverse effects associated with penciclovir and famciclovir
erythema multiform, GI disturbances, headache
what is the prodrug analogue of penciclovir
famciclovir
what is ganciclovir and valganciclovir used to treat
CMV
what are the major adverse effects of ganciclovir and valganciclovir
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
what are the contraindications for ganciclovir and valganciclovir use
severe neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia
what is the structure of acyclovir
guanine based attached to a broken and incomplete sugar ring
what does cidofovir mimic
deoxycytidine monophosphate
what drug prevents maternal-fetal HIV transmission
AZT
what is trifluridine used as
ophthalmic prepration
what anti-HIV -HBV nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are thymidine analogs
zidovudine and stavudine
what is the dose-limiting adverse effect of zidovudine (AZT)
hepatotoxicity
what drug used for anti-HIV -HBV nucleoside and nucleotide analogues can cause fatal hypersensitivity
abacavir
what is the toxicity of anti-HIV -HBV nucleoside and nucleotide analogues mostly due to
inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase by drug triphosphate
what is a major adverse effect of tenofovir
can cause falcon syndrome
what is a major adverse effect of adefovir
renal toxicity
what is the major dose-limiting toxicity of fascarnet
renal impairment
what does resistance against raltegravir result from
point mutations
what does raltegravir inhibit
inhibits integrase (involved in HIV)
what inhibitor of viral integration can cause numbness around mouth and altered taste sensation
ritonavir
what is the prodrug form of amprenavir that has greater oral bioavailability
fosamprenavir
what is the action of influenza virus neuraminidase
cleaves silica acid from membrane glycoproteins
what is zanamivir and oseltamivir used to treat
influenza A and B
how is zanamivir administered
inhaler
what does fomivirsen bind to
mRNA that encodes iE2 (regulatory protein of CMV)
what is the clinical application of fomivirsen
CMV retinitis (second-line)
what is the contraindication for fomivirsen use
IV or intravitreal cidofovir therapy within 2-4 weeks, due to risk for exaggerated ocular inflammation
what is ribavirin used for the treatment of
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), HCV (in combination with interferon-alpha)
what does ribavirin inhibit
inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, leading to lower cellular GTP levels
how is ribavirin administered for treatment of RSV
aerosol form
what is docosanol used for the treatment of
topical treatment for HSV
what TLRs does imiquimod interfere with
TLR-7 and TLR-8 to boost innate immunity
