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LECOM S3 PBL > pathology heart-chapter 12 > Flashcards

pathology heart-chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

what disease is defined as chest pain that arises with exertion or emotional stress, but no pain at rest

A

stable angina

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2
Q

what is the hallmark for reversible injury to myocytes

A

cellular swelling

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3
Q

what is the clinical presentation of stable angina

A

chest pain (less than 20 minutes) that radiates to left arm or jaw; diaphoresis; SOB

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4
Q

what does the EKG show in stable angina

A

S-T segmenet depression

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5
Q

what is unstable angina due to

A

rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis and incomplete occlusion of a coronary artery

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6
Q

what is prinzmetal angina due to

A

coronary artery vasospasm

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7
Q

what is the clinical presentation of MI

A

severe crushing chest pain (greater than 20 minutes), that radiates to left arm or jaw; diaphoresis, dyspnea, and symptoms are NOT relieved by NG

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8
Q

what part of the heart is mostly involved in MI

A

LV; RV and both atria are generally spared

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9
Q

how long after infarction does troponin I increase

A

2-4 hrs; peaks at 24 hours; returns to normal after 7-10 days

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10
Q

what do you use to detect infarction days after MI

A

CK-MB

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11
Q

what is occurring less than 4 hours after infarction

A

cariogenic shock,, CHF, arrhythmia

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12
Q

what is occur 4-24 hours after infarction

A

gross change (dark discoloration), micro change (coagulative necrosis), complication is arrhythmia

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13
Q

what is occurring 1-3 days after infarction

A

gross change (yellow pallor), micro (neutrophils), complication is fibrinous pericarditis

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14
Q

what is occurring 4-7 days after infarction

A

yellow pallor, macrophages

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15
Q

what is occurring 1-3 wks after infarction

A

red border; granulation tissue with plump fibroblasts, collagen and blood vessels

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16
Q

what should you think of when you see heart failure cells

A

left-sided heart failure

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17
Q

what is right sided heart failure most commonly due to

A

left-sided heart failure

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18
Q

what type of shunt do VSDs result in

A

L-to-right

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19
Q

what is the most common congenital heart defect

A

VSD

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20
Q

what is the most common ASD

A

ostium secundum

21
Q

what is an important complication of ASD

A

paradoxical emboli

22
Q

what infection is associated with PDA

A

congenital rubella

23
Q

describe the murmur with PDA

A

machine-like murmur

24
Q

what is the tetralogy of fallot

A

stenosis of RV outflow tract, RV hypertrophy, VSD, overriding aorta

25
Q

what disorder in the mother is transposition of great vessels associated with

A

maternal diabetes

26
Q

what is the early presentation with truncus arteriosus

A

early cyanosis

27
Q

what is the JONES criteria for

A

rheumatic fever

28
Q

what does JONES stand for

A

Joint, pericarditis (heart-O), nodules (subcutaneous), erythema marginatum, sindenhemps (in muscle) coria

29
Q

what should you think of with ashore body

A

pancarditis of acute rheumatic fever

30
Q

what valve is most likely involved in chronic rheumatic valvular disease

A

mitral valve

31
Q

what should you think of with fish-mouth appearance of valve

A

chronic rheumatic valvular disease

32
Q

what is defined as back flow of blood from aorta into LV during diastole

A

aortic regurgitation

33
Q

what is mitral regurgitation usually due to

A

complication of MVP

34
Q

what is the most common overall cause of endocarditis

A

S. viridan’s

35
Q

what is the most common cause of endocarditis in IV drug users

A

S. aureus

36
Q

what is the most common cause of endocarditis in prosthetic valves

A

S. epidermidis

37
Q

what should you think of with laneway lesions and osler nodes

A

endocarditis

38
Q

what endocarditis is associated with SLE

A

libman-sacks endocarditis

39
Q

what is the result of libman sacks endocarditis

A

mitral regurgitation

40
Q

what genetic mutation is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

mutations in sarcomere proteins

41
Q

what is a common cause of sudden death in young athletes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

42
Q

how does restrictive cardiomyopathy present

A

CHF

43
Q

what is a benign mesenchymal proliferation with a gelatinous appearance (cardiac tumor)

A

myxoma

44
Q

what is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

myxoma

45
Q

what is a benign hamartoma of cardiac muscle

A

rhabdomyoma

46
Q

what is the most common primary cardiac tumor in kids

A

rhabdomyoma

47
Q

what is rhabdomyoma associated with

A

tuberous sclerosis

48
Q

where does rhabdomyoma usually arise

A

ventricles

49
Q

what are common metastases to the heart

A

breast and lung carcinoma, melanoma and lymphoma

LECOM S3 PBL (10 decks)

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