pathology heart-chapter 12 Flashcards
what disease is defined as chest pain that arises with exertion or emotional stress, but no pain at rest
stable angina
what is the hallmark for reversible injury to myocytes
cellular swelling
what is the clinical presentation of stable angina
chest pain (less than 20 minutes) that radiates to left arm or jaw; diaphoresis; SOB
what does the EKG show in stable angina
S-T segmenet depression
what is unstable angina due to
rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis and incomplete occlusion of a coronary artery
what is prinzmetal angina due to
coronary artery vasospasm
what is the clinical presentation of MI
severe crushing chest pain (greater than 20 minutes), that radiates to left arm or jaw; diaphoresis, dyspnea, and symptoms are NOT relieved by NG
what part of the heart is mostly involved in MI
LV; RV and both atria are generally spared
how long after infarction does troponin I increase
2-4 hrs; peaks at 24 hours; returns to normal after 7-10 days
what do you use to detect infarction days after MI
CK-MB
what is occurring less than 4 hours after infarction
cariogenic shock,, CHF, arrhythmia
what is occur 4-24 hours after infarction
gross change (dark discoloration), micro change (coagulative necrosis), complication is arrhythmia
what is occurring 1-3 days after infarction
gross change (yellow pallor), micro (neutrophils), complication is fibrinous pericarditis
what is occurring 4-7 days after infarction
yellow pallor, macrophages
what is occurring 1-3 wks after infarction
red border; granulation tissue with plump fibroblasts, collagen and blood vessels
what should you think of when you see heart failure cells
left-sided heart failure
what is right sided heart failure most commonly due to
left-sided heart failure
what type of shunt do VSDs result in
L-to-right
what is the most common congenital heart defect
VSD
what is the most common ASD
ostium secundum
what is an important complication of ASD
paradoxical emboli
what infection is associated with PDA
congenital rubella
describe the murmur with PDA
machine-like murmur
what is the tetralogy of fallot
stenosis of RV outflow tract, RV hypertrophy, VSD, overriding aorta
what disorder in the mother is transposition of great vessels associated with
maternal diabetes
what is the early presentation with truncus arteriosus
early cyanosis
what is the JONES criteria for
rheumatic fever
what does JONES stand for
Joint, pericarditis (heart-O), nodules (subcutaneous), erythema marginatum, sindenhemps (in muscle) coria
what should you think of with ashore body
pancarditis of acute rheumatic fever
what valve is most likely involved in chronic rheumatic valvular disease
mitral valve
what should you think of with fish-mouth appearance of valve
chronic rheumatic valvular disease
what is defined as back flow of blood from aorta into LV during diastole
aortic regurgitation
what is mitral regurgitation usually due to
complication of MVP
what is the most common overall cause of endocarditis
S. viridan’s
what is the most common cause of endocarditis in IV drug users
S. aureus
what is the most common cause of endocarditis in prosthetic valves
S. epidermidis
what should you think of with laneway lesions and osler nodes
endocarditis
what endocarditis is associated with SLE
libman-sacks endocarditis
what is the result of libman sacks endocarditis
mitral regurgitation
what genetic mutation is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
mutations in sarcomere proteins
what is a common cause of sudden death in young athletes
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
how does restrictive cardiomyopathy present
CHF
what is a benign mesenchymal proliferation with a gelatinous appearance (cardiac tumor)
myxoma
what is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
myxoma
what is a benign hamartoma of cardiac muscle
rhabdomyoma
what is the most common primary cardiac tumor in kids
rhabdomyoma
what is rhabdomyoma associated with
tuberous sclerosis
where does rhabdomyoma usually arise
ventricles
what are common metastases to the heart
breast and lung carcinoma, melanoma and lymphoma
