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S1 - Selected Review > Pharmacology Basics > Flashcards

Pharmacology Basics Flashcards

1
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-bendazole’ are what?

A

Antiparasitics / antihelminthics

(e.g. mebendazole)

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2
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-cillin’ are what?

A

Transpeptidase inhibitors

(e.g. ampicillin)

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3
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-conazole’ are what?

A

Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors

(e.g. itraconazole)

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4
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-cycline’ are what?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors

(e.g. tetracycline)

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5
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-ivir’ are what?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors

(e.g. oseltamivir)

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6
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-navir’ are what?

A

Protease inhibitors

(e.g. ritonavir)

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7
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-ovir’ are what?

A

Viral DNA polymerase inhibitors

(e.g. acyclovir)

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8
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-tegravir’ are what?

A

Integrase inhibitors

(e.g. elvitegravir)

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9
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-thromycin’ are what?

A

Macrolide antibiotics

(e.g. azithromycin)

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10
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-apine’ are what?

A

Atypical antipsychotics

(e.g. clozapine)

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11
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-idone’ are what?

A

Atypical antipsychotics

(e.g. risperidone)

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12
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-azine’ are what?

A

Typical antipsychotics

(e.g. thioridazine)

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13
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-barbital’ are what?

A

Barbituates

(e.g. phenobarbital)

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14
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-ipramine’ are what?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

(e.g. imipramine)

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15
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-triptyline’ are what?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

(e.g. amitriptyline)

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16
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-triptan’ are what?

A

5-HT1B/1D agonists

(e.g. sumatriptan)

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17
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-zepam’ are what?

A

Benzodiazepines

(e.g. diazepam)

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18
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-zolam’ are what?

A

Benzodiazepines

(e.g. alprazolam)

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19
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-chol’ are what?

A

Cholinergic agonists

(e.g. bethanechol)

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20
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-olol’ are what?

A

Beta antagonists

(e.g. atenolol)

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21
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-stigmine’ are what?

A

AChE inhibitors

(e.g. neostigmine)

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22
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-terol’ are what?

A

Beta2-agonists

(e.g. albuterol)

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23
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-zosin’ are what?

A

Alpha1-antagonists

(e.g. prazosin)

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24
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-afil’ are what?

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

(e.g. sildenafil)

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25
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-dipine’ are what?

A

DHP Ca2+ channel blockers

(e.g. nifedipine)

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26
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-pril’ are what?

A

ACE inhibitors

(e.g. catopril)

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27
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-sartan’ are what?

A

ARBs

(e.g. losartan)

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28
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-xaban’ are what?

A

Direct factor Xa inhibitors

(e. g. apixaban)
* (They perform an ‘Xa’ ‘ban.’)*

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29
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-gliflozin’ are what?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

(e.g. dapagliflozin)

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30
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-glinide’ are what?

A

Meglitinides

(e.g. repaglinide)

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31
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-gliptin’ are what?

A

DPP-4 inhibitors

(e.g. sitagliptin)

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32
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-glitazone’ are what?

A

PPAR-gamma activators

(e.g. rosiglitazone)

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33
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-glutide’ are what?

A

GLP-1 analogs

(e.g. albiglutide)

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34
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-dronate’ are what?

A

Bisphosphonates

(e.g. alendronate)

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35
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-limus’ are what?

A

mTOR inhibitors

(e.g. everolimus)

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36
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-prazole’ are what?

A

Proton pump inhibitors

(e.g. omeprazole)

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37
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-prost’ are what?

A

Prostaglandin analog

(e.g. latanoprost)

38
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-sentan’ are what?

A

Endothelin receptor antagonists

(e.g. bosentan)

39
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-tidine’ are what?

A

H2-antagonists

(e.g. cimetidine)

40
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-vaptan’ are what?

A

ADH antagonists

(e.g. tolvaptan)

41
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-ximab’ are what?

A

Chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibodies

(e.g. rituximab)

42
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-zumab’ are what?

A

Humanized mouse monoclonal antibodies

(e.g. bevacizumab)

43
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-umab’ are what?

A

Human monoclonal antibodies

(e.g. denosumab)

44
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-tinib’ are what?

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

(e.g. imatinib)

45
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-zomib’ are what?

A

Proteasome inhibitors

(e.g. bortezomib)

46
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-ciclib’ are what?

A

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors

(e.g. palbociclib)

47
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-cept’ are what?

A

TNF-alpha antagonists

(e.g. etanercept)

48
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-leukin’ are what?

A

Interleukin-2 agonists or analogs

(e.g. aldesleukin)

49
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Drugs that end in ‘-kinra’ are what?

A

Interleukin receptor antagonists

(e.g. anakinra)

50
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Reversible competitive inhibitors have what effect on Vmax and KM?

A

Vmax - None

KM - Increased

51
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Irreversible competitive inhibitors have what effect on Vmax and KM?

A

Vmax - Decreased

KM - None

52
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Noncompetitive inhibitors have what effect on Vmax and KM?

A

Vmax - Decreased

KM - None

53
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What effect do reversible competitive inhibitors have on either potency or efficacy?

A

Potency decreases

54
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What effect do noncompetitive inhibitors and irreversible competitive inhibitors have on either potency or efficacy?

A

Efficacy decreases

55
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

IV drugs follow what bioavailability?

A

100%

56
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Oral drugs follow what bioavailability? Why?

A

< 100%

incomplete absorption + first-pass metabolism

57
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What equation gives the volume of distribution of a particular drug?

A

Vd = amount of drug in body / plasma drug concentration

58
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What two equations give the clearance of a particular drug?

A
  1. ) CL = rate of elimination / plasma drug concentration
  2. ) CL = Vd * Ke

(Ke = elimination constant)

59
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What equation gives the half-life for a particular drug that follows first-order elimination?

A

T1/2 = 0.7 * Vd / Clearance

60
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What equation gives the loading dose for a particular drug?

A

Loading dose = target [plasma] * V<strong>d</strong> / bioavailable fraction

61
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What equation gives the maintenance dose for a particular drug?

A

Maintenance dose = target [plasma] * clearance * dosage interval / bioavailable fraction

62
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

In renal disease, what happens to maintenance and loading dose for a particular drug?

A

Maintenance dose decreases

Loading dose remains unchanged

63
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

In liver disease, what happens to maintenance and loading dose for a particular drug?

A

Maintenance dose decreases

Loading dose remains unchanged

64
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Describe the following drug interaction:

the effect of substance A and substance B together is equal to the sum of their individual effects.

A

Additive

65
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Describe the following drug interaction:

presence of substance A is required for the full effect of substance B

A

Permissive

66
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Describe the following drug interaction:

the effect of substance A and substance B together is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

A

Synergistic

67
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Describe the following drug interaction:

an acute decrease in response to a drug after initial/repeated administration

A

Tachyphylactic

68
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

True/False.

Aspirin and acetaminophen have additive effects on one another.

A

True.

69
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

True/False.

Cortisol has tachyphylactic effects on catecholamines.

A

False.

Cortisol has permissive effects on catecholamines.

70
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

True/False.

Clopidogrel and aspirin have additive effects on one another.

A

False.

Clopidogrel and aspirin have synergistic effects on one another.

71
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Do any of the following not exhibit tachyphylactic properties?

Nitrates, niacin, phenylephrine, LSD, MDMA

A

No, they all exhibit tachyphylactic properties.

72
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Name some example drugs which exhibit tachyphylactic properties.

A

Nitrates, niacin,

phenylephrine,

LSD, MDMA

73
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Name a few substances that show zero-order elimination.

A

Phenytoin

Ethanol

Aspirin

74
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Zero-order elimination follows ________-limited elimination.

A

Zero-order elimination follows capacity-limited elimination.

(constant, linear amount eliminated per unit time)

75
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

First-order elimination follows ________-dependent elimination.

A

First-order elimination follows flow-dependent elimination.

(constant fraction/proportion eliminated per unit time)

76
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

How should phenobarbital toxicity be treated as far as renal excretion goes?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

77
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

How should methotrexate toxicity be treated as far as renal excretion goes?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

78
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

How should salicylate toxicity be treated as far as renal excretion goes?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

79
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

How should tricyclic antidepressant toxicity be treated as far as renal excretion goes?

A

Ammonium chloride

(NOTE: TCA toxicity is generally treated with sodium bicarbonate to overcome the sodium channel blockade.)

80
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

How should amphetamine toxicity be treated as far as renal excretion goes?

A

Ammonium chloride

81
Q
A
82
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Geriatric patients lose phase ____ drug metabolism first.

A

Geriatric patients lose phase 1 drug metabolism first.

83
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Describe the products of phase 1 drug metabolism.

A

Slightly polar, still-active, water-soluble metabolites

84
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Describe the products of phase 2 drug metabolism.

A

Very polar, inactive metabolites

(renally excreted)

85
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What are the processes involved in phase 1 metabolism?

A

Reduction

Oxidation

Hydrolysis

86
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

What are the processes involved in phase 2 metabolism?

A

Conjugation

(methylation, glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfation)

87
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Define drug efficacy.

A

The amount of effect a drug can produce

88
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Define drug potency.

A

The amount of drug needed to produce a desired effect

89
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Which is better, high therapeutic indices or low therapeutic indices?

A

High

90
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

How are therapeutic indices calculated?

A

TD50 / ED50

(median toxic effect / median effective dose)

91
Q

First Aid Pharmacology Basics

Name a few medications with very low therapeutic indices.

A

(Warning! These drugs are lethal!)

Warfarin

Theophylline

Digoxin

Antiepileptic drugs

Lithium

S1 - Selected Review (14 decks)

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