Antimicrobial Indications

Question 1

First Aid Antimicrobials

Name some indications for penicillin G and penicillin V.

Answer 1

Mostly gram-positives (S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Actinomyces);

some gram-negatives (N. meningitidis​);

spirochetes (T. pallidum)

Question 2

First Aid Antimicrobials

Name some indications for the penicillinase-sensitive penicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin).

Aminopenicillin HHEELPSS with which issues?

Answer 2

HHEELPSS

H. influenzae

H. pylori

E. coli

Enterococci

Listeria monocytogenes

Proteus mirabilis

Salmonella

Shigella

Question 3

First Aid Antimicrobials

What penicillin is used to treat S. aureus?

Answer 3

Nafcillin

Question 4

First Aid Antimicrobials

What penicillins are used to treat Pseudomonas spp.?

Answer 4

Ticarcillin

Piperacillin

Question 5

First Aid Antimicrobials

Organisms typically not covered by 1st - 4th gen. cephalosporins are LAME.

Give some examples.

Answer 5

Listeria monocytogenes

Atypicals (e.g. Chlamydia, Mycoplasma)

MRSA

Enterococci

Question 6

First Aid Antimicrobials

1st-generation cephalosporins are mainly used to PEcK at which organisms?

Answer 6

Proteus mirabilis

E. coli

Klebsiella

Question 7

First Aid Antimicrobials

2nd-generation cephalosporins are used like two HENS to mainly PEcK at which organisms?

Answer 7

H. influenzae

Enterobacter aerogenes

Neisseria spp.

Serratia

Proteus mirabilis

E. coli

Klebsiella

Question 8

First Aid Antimicrobials

Which generation of cephalosporins can cross the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 8

3rd

Question 9

First Aid Antimicrobials

Which cephalosporin is used to treat Pseudomonas?

Answer 9

Ceftazidime

(3rd-generation)

Question 10

First Aid Antimicrobials

Which infections are treated with ceftriaxone?

Answer 10

Meningitis

gonorrhea

disseminated Lyme disease

Question 11

First Aid Antimicrobials

Name some indications for 4th-generation cephalosporins.

Answer 11

Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms

Question 12

First Aid Antimicrobials

Which cephalosporin generation has broad Gram-positive and Gram-negative coverage, including MRSA and Enterococcus faecalis?

(but notably not Pseudomonas)

Answer 12

5th-generation

Question 13

First Aid Antimicrobials

What infections are carbapenems used to treat?

Answer 13

Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods, and anaerobes

(give for 10/10 life-threatening infections)

Question 15

First Aid Antimicrobials

For which patients with Gram-nergative infections (only) are monobactams (e.g. aztreonam) indicated?

Answer 15

Either, or both:

1. Those with penicillin allergies
2. Those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides

Question 16

First Aid Antimicrobials

What medication is only used for Gram-positive, multidrug-resistant infections?

Answer 16

Vancomycin

(think MRSA, S. epidermidis, Enterococci spp., C. difficile)

Question 17

First Aid Antimicrobials

What medication type is used for severe Gram-negative rod infections and is synergistic with beta-lactams?

Answer 17

Aminoglycosides

Question 18

First Aid Antimicrobials

Which antibiotic is used for Borrelia burgdorferi, M. pneumoniae, Chlamydia, and rickettsial species?

Answer 18

Tetracycline

Question 19

First Aid Antimicrobials

Which tetracycline is useful in treating acne?

Answer 19

Doxycylcline

Question 20

First Aid Antimicrobials

Which medication is a glycylcycline (a tetracycline derivative) used to treat multidrug-resistant, Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms in infections that require deep tissue penetration?

Answer 20

Tigecycline

Question 21

First Aid Antimicrobials

What medication type is useful both in treating meningitis and also rickettsial infections?

Answer 21

Cloramphenicol

Question 22

First Aid Antimicrobials

What medication treats anaerobic infections above the diaphragm?

Answer 22

Clindamycin

Question 23

First Aid Antimicrobials

What medication treats anaerobic infections below the diaphragm?

Answer 23

Metronidazole

Question 24

First Aid Antimicrobials

Name two medications useful in treating MRSA and VRE.

Answer 24

Tigecycline

Linezolid

Question 25

First Aid Antimicrobials

What sorts of infections can be treated with macrolides?

Answer 25

Atypical pneumonias,

STIs,

Gram-positive cocci,

B. pertussis

Question 26

First Aid Antimicrobials

What sulfonamide combo. is used for treating simple UTIs?

Answer 26

TMP-SMX

Question 27

First Aid Antimicrobials

Which antibiotic is mainly used in treating M. leprae?

Answer 27

Dapsone

Question 28

First Aid Antimicrobials

Trimethoprim is typically used in combination with what other medication?

Answer 28

Sulfamethoxazole

(TMP-SMX)

Question 29

First Aid Antimicrobials

What medication type is useful in treating Gram-negative rods in urinary or GI tract infections (as well as otitis externa and some Gram-positive coverage)?

Answer 29

Fluoroquinolones

Question 30

First Aid Antimicrobials

What medication is used for S. aureus skin infections (including MRSA), endocarditis, bacteremia, and VRE?

Answer 30

Daptomycin

Question 31

First Aid Antimicrobials

What mnemonic can be used to remember which organisms are treated with metronidazole?

Answer 31

GET GAP on the METRO

Giardia

Entamoeba

Trichomonas

Gardernella vaginalls

Anaerobes

As a replacement for amoxicillin in H. pylori triple therapy