Dermatology - Pathoma Flashcards
Which layer of the epidermis is the stem cell layer?
Stratum basalis
The stratum spinosum is characterized by _______al cells connected by ____________.
The stratum spinosum is characterized by hexagonal cells connected by desmosomes.
How does the stratum granulosum appear?
Granules within keratinocytes
How does the stratum corneum appear?
Keratin within anucleate cells
Name five inflammatory dermatoses.
Atopic dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
Acne vulgaris
Psoriasis
Lichen planus
What skin pathology is shown in these images?
Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis
How does atopic (eczematous) dermatitis present?
Pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with vesicles and edema
Atopic dermatitis is another name for what?
Eczema
Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis often involves which portions of the body?
The face and flexor surfaces
(“Aw F! I have atopic derm.”)
Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis is a type ___ reaction associated with ________ and ___________.
Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis is a type I reaction associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis.
What skin pathology often arises due to exposure to allergens such as nickel jewelry, irritant chemicals, and/or drugs?
Contact dermatitis
__________ (atopic/contact) dermatitis usually occurs in individuals under 5 years of age.
__________ (atopic/contact) dermatitis usually occurs in individuals over 5 years of age.
Atopic dermatitis usually occurs in individuals under 5 years of age.
Contact dermatitis usually occurs in individuals over 5 years of age.
__________ dermatitis typically occurs on the face and flexor surfaces.
__________ dermatitis typically occurs at the site of chemical exposure.
Atopic dermatitis typically occurs on the face and flexor surfaces.
Contact dermatitis typically occurs at the site of chemical exposure.
Which common forms of contact dermatitis are type IV hypersensitivities?
Poison ivy exposure
Nickel jewelry exposure
How is contact dermatitis treated?
Glucocorticoids
(and removal of the offending chemical)
Describe the basic pathphysiology of acne vulgaris.
Propionibacteria produce lipases which break down sebum, releasing pro-inflammatory fatty acids
An increase in production of what two substances is largely responsible for the plugging of follicles associated with acne vulgaris of adolescence?
Sebum;
keratin
What is the technical term for whiteheads and blackheads?
Comedones
What are the two major treatment options for acne vulgaris?
- Benzoyl peroxide (antimicrobial)
- Vitamin A derivatives (reduce keratin production)
How does benzoyl peroxide treat acne vulgaris?
Antimicrobial properties
How do vitamin A derivatives treat acne vulgaris?
Reduction in keratin production
What skin pathology is shown in these images?
(Try not to read the Google images labels.)
Psoriasis
Describe the skin lesions seen in psoriasis.
Well-circumscribed, salmon-colored plaques with a silvery scale
Psoriasis usually presents on which portion(s) of the body?
Extensor surfaces and the scalp
What is the basic etiology of psoriasis?
Excess keratin production
(likely autoimmune)
Psoriasis is associated with HLA-______ and HLA-_______ and often appears following some sort of _____________ insult.
Psoriasis is associated with HLA-B27 and HLA-C and often appears following some sort of environmental insult.
Describe the histology of psoriasis.
Acanthosis (epidermal hyperlasia)
Parakeratosis (hyperkeratosis + nuclei retained within stratum corneum)
Neutrophils within stratum corneum
Epidermal thinning (above elongated dermal papillae)
What happens if one picks at psoriatic plaques?
Bleeding
(Auspitz sign)
What treatments are involved in psoriasis management?
Corticosteroids
UV light with psoralen
Immune-modulating therapy
What is the pathology shown in the attached images?
Lichen planus
How do the lesions of lichen planus typically present?
Pruritic, planar, polygonal, purple papules
(often with reticular, white lines called Wickham striae on the papule surface)
Where do the lesions of lichen planus often appear?
Wrists, elbows, and oral mucosa
The etiology of lichen planus is unknown, but there is an association with _____________ infection.
The etiology of lichen planus is unknown, but there is an association with hepatitis C infection.
Describe the histology of the lesions of lichen planus.
Inflammation of epidermal-dermal junction with ‘saw-tooth’ appearance
Name four forms of blistering dermatosis
Pemphigus vulgaris
Bullous pemphigoid
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Erythema multiforme
