Dermatology - Pathoma

Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is the stem cell layer?

Answer 1

Stratum basalis

Question 2

The stratum spinosum is characterized by _______al cells connected by ____________.

Answer 2

The stratum spinosum is characterized by hexagonal cells connected by desmosomes.

Question 3

How does the stratum granulosum appear?

Answer 3

Granules within keratinocytes

Question 4

How does the stratum corneum appear?

Answer 4

Keratin within anucleate cells

Question 5

Name five inflammatory dermatoses.

Answer 5

Atopic dermatitis

Contact dermatitis

Acne vulgaris

Psoriasis

Lichen planus

Question 6

What skin pathology is shown in these images?

Answer 6

Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis

Question 7

How does atopic (eczematous) dermatitis present?

Answer 7

Pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with vesicles and edema

Question 8

Atopic dermatitis is another name for what?

Answer 8

Eczema

Question 9

Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis often involves which portions of the body?

Answer 9

The face and flexor surfaces

(“Aw F! I have atopic derm.”)

Question 10

Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis is a type ___ reaction associated with ________ and ___________.

Answer 10

Atopic (eczematous) dermatitis is a type I reaction associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Question 11

What skin pathology often arises due to exposure to allergens such as nickel jewelry, irritant chemicals, and/or drugs?

Answer 11

Contact dermatitis

Question 12

__________ (atopic/contact) dermatitis usually occurs in individuals under 5 years of age.

__________ (atopic/contact) dermatitis usually occurs in individuals over 5 years of age.

Answer 12

Atopic dermatitis usually occurs in individuals under 5 years of age.

Contact dermatitis usually occurs in individuals over 5 years of age.

Question 13

__________ dermatitis typically occurs on the face and flexor surfaces.

__________ dermatitis typically occurs at the site of chemical exposure.

Answer 13

Atopic dermatitis typically occurs on the face and flexor surfaces.

Contact dermatitis typically occurs at the site of chemical exposure.

Question 14

Which common forms of contact dermatitis are type IV hypersensitivities?

Answer 14

Poison ivy exposure

Nickel jewelry exposure

Question 15

How is contact dermatitis treated?

Answer 15

Glucocorticoids

(and removal of the offending chemical)

Question 16

Describe the basic pathphysiology of acne vulgaris.

Answer 16

Propionibacteria produce lipases which break down sebum, releasing pro-inflammatory fatty acids

Question 17

An increase in production of what two substances is largely responsible for the plugging of follicles associated with acne vulgaris of adolescence?

Answer 17

Sebum;

keratin

Question 18

What is the technical term for whiteheads and blackheads?

Answer 18

Comedones

Question 19

What are the two major treatment options for acne vulgaris?

Answer 19

1. Benzoyl peroxide (antimicrobial)
2. Vitamin A derivatives (reduce keratin production)

Question 20

How does benzoyl peroxide treat acne vulgaris?

Answer 20

Antimicrobial properties

Question 21

How do vitamin A derivatives treat acne vulgaris?

Answer 21

Reduction in keratin production

Question 22

What skin pathology is shown in these images?

(Try not to read the Google images labels.)

Answer 22

Psoriasis

Question 23

Describe the skin lesions seen in psoriasis.

Answer 23

Well-circumscribed, salmon-colored plaques with a silvery scale

Question 24

Psoriasis usually presents on which portion(s) of the body?

Answer 24

Extensor surfaces and the scalp

Question 25

What is the basic etiology of psoriasis?

Answer 25

Excess keratin production

(likely autoimmune)

Question 26

Psoriasis is associated with HLA-______ and HLA-_______ and often appears following some sort of _____________ insult.

Answer 26

Psoriasis is associated with HLA-B27 and HLA-C and often appears following some sort of environmental insult.

Question 27

Describe the histology of psoriasis.

Answer 27

Acanthosis (epidermal hyperlasia)

Parakeratosis (hyperkeratosis + nuclei retained within stratum corneum)

Neutrophils within stratum corneum

Epidermal thinning (above elongated dermal papillae)

Question 28

What happens if one picks at psoriatic plaques?

Answer 28

Bleeding

(Auspitz sign)

Question 29

What treatments are involved in psoriasis management?

Answer 29

Corticosteroids

UV light with psoralen

Immune-modulating therapy

Question 30

What is the pathology shown in the attached images?

Answer 30

Lichen planus

Question 31

How do the lesions of lichen planus typically present?

Answer 31

Pruritic, planar, polygonal, purple papules

(often with reticular, white lines called Wickham striae on the papule surface)

Question 32

Where do the lesions of lichen planus often appear?

Answer 32

Wrists, elbows, and oral mucosa

Question 33

The etiology of lichen planus is unknown, but there is an association with _____________ infection.

Answer 33

The etiology of lichen planus is unknown, but there is an association with hepatitis C infection.

Question 34

Describe the histology of the lesions of lichen planus.

Answer 34

Inflammation of epidermal-dermal junction with ‘saw-tooth’ appearance

Question 35

Name four forms of blistering dermatosis

Answer 35

Pemphigus vulgaris

Bullous pemphigoid

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Erythema multiforme