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S1 - Selected Review > Antimicrobial Side Effects > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Side Effects Flashcards

1
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with use of penicillin G or penicillin V?

A

Hypersensitivies

Direct Coombs hemolytic anemia

Interstitial nephritis

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2
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with use of penicillinase-sensitive penicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin)?

A

Hypersensitivities

Rash

Pseudomembranous colitis

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3
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with use of penicillinase-resistant penicillins (dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin)?

A

Hypersensitivities

Interstitial nephritis

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4
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with use of antipseudomonal penicillins?

A

Hypersensitivities

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5
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with cephalosporin use?

A

Hypersensitivities

Hemolytic anemia

Disulfiram-like reaction

Vitamin K deficiency

(also increase aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity)

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6
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with carbapenem use?

A

GI distress

Rash

CNS toxicity

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7
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with use of monobactams (aztreonam)?

A

Usually none

(maybe some GI upset)

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8
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects of vancomycin use that are not widespread?

A

NOT trouble-free

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

Thrombophlebitis

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9
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects of vancomycin use that are more systemic?

A

Red man syndrome (prevented by histamines and slow infusion)

DRESS syndrome (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms)

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10
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with aminoglycoside use?

A

Nephrotoxicity

Neuromuscular blockade

Ototoxicity

Teratogenicity

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11
Q

First Aid Anti

Aminoglycosides are contraindicated in which patient populations?

A

Renal failure patients (nephrotoxicity)

Myasthenia gravis patients (neuromuscular blockade)

Patients on loop diuretics (ototoxicity)

Pregnant patients (teratogenicity)

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12
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with tetracycline use?

A

GI distress

Photosensitivity

Teratogenicity (associated with teeth discoloration and bone growth problems)

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13
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with cloramphenicol use?

A

Anemia and aplastic anemia (both dose-dependent)

Gray baby syndrome

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14
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with clindamycin use?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

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15
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with macrolide use?

A

MACRO

GI motility

QT arrhythmia

Cholestatic hepatitis

Rash

Eosinophilia

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16
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with sulfonamide use?

A

Hemolysis if G6PD-deficient

Kernicterus in infants

Steven-Johnson

Displacing other drugs from albumin (e.g. warfarin)

(also hypersensitivities and nephrotoxicity)

17
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with dapsone use?

A

Hemolysis if G6PD-deficient

Methemoglobulinemia

Agranulocytosis

18
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with trimethoprim use?

A

Bone marrow issues

(megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia)

(ALSO, hyperkalemia at high doses)

19
Q

First Aid Anti

How can the red man syndrome associated with vancomycin be avoided?

A

Antihistamines

+

slow infusion rate

20
Q

First Aid Anti

How can the bone marrow issues associated with trimethoprim be avoided?

A

Coadministration with leucovorin (folinic acid)

21
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the general negative side effects associated with fluoroquinolone use?

A

GI upset

Superinfections

Rash

Headache, dizziness

22
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the less common negative side effects associated with fluoroquinolone use?

A

Leg cramps

Myalgias

23
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the negative side effects associated with fluoroquinolone use in children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers?

A

Cartilage damage

24
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the negative side effects associated with fluoroquinolone use in patients over 60 years of age?

A

Tendonitis or tendon rupture

25
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the negative side effects associated with daptomycin use?

A

Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis

26
Q

First Aid Anti

What are the main negative side effects associated with metronidazole use?

A

Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

Metallic taste

27
Q

First Aid Anti

Which antimicrobials should be avoided in pregnancy?

(Mnemonic: SAFe Children Take Really Good Care.)

A

Sulfonamides

Aminoglycosides

Fluoroquinolones

Clarithromycin

Tetracyclines

Ribavirin

Griseofulvin

Chloramphenicol

S1 - Selected Review (14 decks)

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