Pharmacology and therapeutics 5 Flashcards
Explain why drug metabolism is needed. Which organ is the main organ where drug metabolism is used the most.
pg1
What is ‘first pass’ metabolism(hepatic and pre-hepatic), describe why the hepatic one is so relevant, explain the consequences of having an extensive ‘first pass’ metabolism, and how this can be resolved.
pg1
What other organs can metabolism also occur in
pg1
What are phase I metabolic changes generally about, explain roles in drug activation , drug polarity and lipophilicity changes
pg 2
Metabolic . change is split into phases. Identify the different types of metabolic change and whuch phase they belong to. Explain what eavch phase is in general.
pg 2
Where do phase 1 metabolic changes primarily occur)
pg 3
Describe what the cytochrome p450 enzyme system is and the range of processes it is a part of.
pg 3
Some drugs can inhibit or induce CYP450 (T/F), Is this good or bad and why
pg3
Describe the process of Cytochrome P450 Mediated Oxidation
pg 3
Describe four CYP450 oxidative reactions, two where the drug is activated from its prodrug form and two where the drug loses it’s pharmacological activity
pg 5
Describe, and explain two non-CYP450 oxidation reactions. Explain the consequences of a deficiency in one of the enzymes. Describe the location of all the enzyme and/or enzyme systems relevant to phase 1 oxidation.
pg 6
Describe and explain example reductive reaction. Where do reductive reactions usually occur, and why. Which type of enzymes them out. Describe and explain an example of a hydrolysis reaction. What is the name of the enzyme that carries out hydrolysis.
pg 7
List the type of reactions in phase 2 metabolism. What happens to the activity, solubility, polarity and extractability of the conjugate formed. Describe thwe genral feature of the conjugating agent.
pg 7
For the different phase 2 reactions, name the conjugating agent and the target functional group. Describe the usual attribute of the conjugating agents. Describe the most common phase 2 reaction and identify a types that is considered to be one of the most important and explain why.
pg 8
Describe and explain an example of a glucuronidation reaction, include an explanation of the consequences of such a reaction.
pg 8
Describe , and explain examples of acetylation, methylation and sulphation reactions, with descriptions where/ if relevant of the consequences of the reaction and/ or a description of features of the products
pg 9
Describe the structure of glutathione and explain the sheer importance this structure
pg 10
Explain the importance of drug metabolism
pg 11
Explain in what situation you will administer enteric-coated and soluble aspirin
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