Pharmacology and therapeutics 4

Question 1

Describe the The journey of a drug through the body

Answer 1

pg 1

Question 2

Give the details of the different methods of administration of a drug

Answer 2

pg 1

Question 3

Describe and explain the different situations where the drugs are absorbed in the body.. Also describe the two ways that drugs move through the body.

Answer 3

pg 2

Question 4

Give information on the pH partition hypothesis, and explain how it is related to absorption.

Answer 4

pg 2

Question 5

Explain the factors that affect drug distribution

Answer 5

pg 3

Question 6

Describe and explain how the two major routes of excretion are executed. Which route is the major ruote. Include details of the types of molecules they deal with. For one of them describe a problem that stops it from being completely effective.

Answer 6

pg 4

Question 7

1. Why might treatment with I.V. sodium bicarbonate increase aspirin excretion?
   
   • I.V. Sodium Bicarbonate increases urine pH
   • Increase in urine pH ionises the aspirin
   • This makes it less lipid soluble
   • Less aspirin is reabsorbed in the proximal and distal tubules
   • Increase in the rate of excretion of aspirin

Answer 7

pg 5

Question 8

Describe what the following pharmacokinetic terms mean: (Bioavailability, Apparent volume of distribution, Biological half-life, Clearance)

Answer 8

PG 5

Question 9

Define first order kinetics. Explain how different relevant values can be derived with the possible use of a graph.

Answer 9

PG 6, protein-bound drug

Question 10

Describe what zero order kinetics is, explain how it is produced, give an example of a substance that follows zero order kinetics. On the relevant graph for zero order kinetics , what does first order kinetics look like.

Answer 10

PG 7

Question 11

Exercise 3 - Which of the following drugs would be least likely to penetrate lipid membranes?

a) Ionised drug
b) Non-ionised drug
c) Protein bound drug
d) Lipophilic drug
e) Hydrophilic drug

Answer 11

pg 6