Pharmacology and therapeutics 1

Question 1

Explain how the ENS functions

Answer 1

pg 7

Question 2

Give an explanation of the extent of divergence of the two different parts of the ANS

Answer 2

pg 7

Question 3

Which of the following effects would be observed after blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in an individual at rest:

• Bronchodilation
• Reduced sweat production
• CONSTIPATION - reduced gut motility
• Decreased urinary frequency
• Long-sightedness

Answer 3

pg 5

Question 4

Summarise to what extent each part of the autonomic nervous system contributes to the function of the liver

Answer 4

pg 1

Question 5

Explain the effect blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors will have on the heart rate at rest and during exercise

Answer 5

pg 5

Question 6

Give the details of the principle efferent outputs from the central nervous system

Answer 6

pg 2

Question 7

Recall name of the subtypes of muscarinic receptors and their examples

Answer 7

pg 6

Question 8

Describe the Balance of the ANS in particular tissues

Answer 8

pg 2

Question 9

Describe what adrenoceptors are, and give the details of which part of the SNS controls the tone of the vasculature

Answer 9

pg 6

Question 10

Describe what happens in the synthesis , release and metabolism of acetylcholine

Answer 10

pg 7

Question 12

Describe what happens in the synthesis , release , reuptake and metabolism of noradrenaline

Answer 12

pg 8

Question 13

Give the details of the differences between nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Answer 13

pg 4

Question 14

Explain the difference between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic responses and give the relevant details of the neurotransmitters and other chemicals involved in the responses and how they are involved. How is the somatic nervous system different from the ANS. What is the enteric system. (10 min)

Answer 14

pg 3

Question 15

Blockade of which of the following targets would cause the most significant rise in synaptic noradrenaline concentrations?

1. Tyrosine hydroxylase
2. DOPA decarboxylase
3. Uptake 1 transport protein
4. Monoamine oxidase
5. Cathecol-O-methyl transferase

Answer 15

• Uptake 1 Transport Protein
• The first two are involved in the synthesis of NA so by blocking them you will reduce the amount of NA in the synapse
• If you block MAO and COMT, the NA will build up in the neuronal and extraneuronal tissue so the uptake proteins will slow down because the concentration gradient becomes less and less steep
• The uptake systems are concentration gradient dependent
• So if NA is not being metabolised, the whole process will slow down and you’ll eventually get an increase in synaptic NA but this increase is not as significant as you would get with blockade of uptake 1 transport protein

Question 16

Describe the role of the arterial baroreceptors

Answer 16

pg 2

Question 17

Blockade of which receptor subtype would induce an increased heart rate and a reductions in sweat production during exercise

Answer 17

pg 6

Question 18

Give the details of the principle targets and functions of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 18

pg 1