Pharmacology

Question 1

A common complication from administration of succinylcholine

Answer 1

Arrhythmia

administration of succinylcholine can cause hyperkalemia, which may lead to arrhythmia.

Question 2

Next best step following treatment of Amebiasis

Answer 2

Following treatment with metronidazole or tinidazole, all patients with amebiasis should also receive an intraluminal amebicide such as paromomycin or iodoquinol in order to eliminate intestinal carriage of E. histolytica.

Question 3

With a patient in preterm labor which one measure has to be taken now as prophylaxis against cerebral palsy.

Answer 3

Magnesium Sulfate is an effective tocolytic agent that can be administered as a single agent or in combination with another tocolytic agent (e.g., terbutaline) to delay preterm labor for up to 48 hours to allow antenatal corticosteroids to be administered. it also has a fetal neuroprotective effect that reduces the risk and severity of neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy.

Question 4

Next best step in a patient with suspected chorioamnionitis

Answer 4

Antibiotic therapy and prompt delivery are critical with a regimen of intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin

Question 5

How to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in a patient taking cyclophosphamide

Answer 5

sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) prevents hemorrhagic cystitis by deactivating acrolein (by product of cyclophosphamide)

Question 6

Halothane Adverse effect

Answer 6

Halothane hepatitis

Question 7

What therapy decreases morbidity and mortality in patients with PAD

Answer 7

Clopidogrel reduces the risk of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death in patients with symptomatic PAD

Question 8

First-line treatment of malignant otitis externa

Answer 8

High-dose IV ciprofloxacin

Question 9

What Prophylaxis for opportunistic infections is indicated in severely immunosuppressed patients, such as organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive drugs

Answer 9

TMP-SMX for PCP

Question 10

This patient presents with dull abdominal pain radiating to her lower back, which, in combination with abdominal CT findings, suggesting retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Course of action?

Answer 10

This patient should receive PROTHROMBIN COMPLEX CONCENTRATE to replenish the vitamin K-dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X), and PHYTONADIONE, a vitamin K produced by plants, to aid in factor activation.

Question 11

How does acetamnophine affect warfarin

Answer 11

Acetaminophen metabolites inhibit vitamin K-dependent carboxylase and thereby the formation of coagulation factors in the extrinsic pathway

Question 12

First-line pharmacotherapy for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Patients with newly

Answer 12

Acetazolamide

Question 13

Adverse effects of local anesthetics (e.g. bupivacain)

Answer 13

Loss of sympathetic vascular tone that ultimately results in neurogenic shock.