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STEP 2CK AMBOSS/UW & Everything Else > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

HSV encephalitis with high erythrocyte count on CSF.. explanation?

A

hsv encephalitis can cause temporal lobe hemorrhage

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2
Q

Associated conditions of wernicke

A

Chronic alcohol abuse
malnutrition (anorexia for eg)
hyperemesis gravidum

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3
Q

Clinical feature of wernickes

A

Encephalopathy, oculomotor dysfunction (horizontal nystagmus)
postural and gait ataxia

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4
Q

Clinical features of refeeding syndrome

A

Heart failure, edema and seizures

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5
Q

Deep tendon reflex work may be present in brain death true or false

A

True.. spinal cord may still be functioning in the presence of brain death

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6
Q

Will the heart accelerate in brain death after atropine injection

A

no due to loss of vagal control of the heart.

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7
Q

What symptoms usually preceed a vasovagal episode

A

Nausea, diaphoresis, bradycardia and pallor

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8
Q

Deficiency in what can increase risk of MS

A

Vitamin D

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9
Q

What risk factors are associated with MS

A

Smoking, EBV, cold climate , HLA-DRB1

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10
Q

What abnormality will be seen on MRI in a patient with Alzheimers

A

Temporal lobe atrophy

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11
Q

First line therapy for Fibromyalgia

A

TCA (eg amitriptyline)

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12
Q

The most common cause of CN III palsy

A

Ischemic neuropathy due to poorly controlled DM

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13
Q

REM Sleep behaviour disorder has a very strong association with?

A
  1. Men >50

2. alpha-synuclein neurodegenerative disorders (parkinsons, dementia with lewy bodies etc)

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14
Q

Which cell groups are primarily degenerated in Huntington’s Disease

A

GABA

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15
Q

Underlying pathology of lacunar strokes

A

Microatheroma formation and lypohyalinosis leading to chromatic small-vessel occlusion

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16
Q

Complications of a Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A 
Rebleed (first 24hrs)
Vasospasms (after 3 days) 
SIADH (hyponatremia)
Hydrocephalus/ICP
Seizures
17
Q

Manifestations of optic neuritis

A

Acute (2 weeks) monocular vision loss
Eye pain with movement
Washed out colour vision
Afferent pupillary defect

18
Q

Features of Subclavian steel syndrome

A
  1. Lower brachial systolic blood pressure in affected arm

2. Systolic bruit in supraclavicular fossa on affected side

19
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of subclavian steel syndrome

A

Doppler U/S or MRA and lifestyle intervention (smoking cessation, lipid lowering interventions)
stent placement in some cases

20
Q

Patient with AIDS presents with progressive confusion, lethargy, seizures in the setting of a solitary, irregular ring enhancing lesion on MRI.. CSF shows EBV DNA on analysis.. DX?

A

Primary CNS lymphoma

21
Q

How do you classify a Generalised convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE)

A
  1. Seizure lasting >5 mins
    OR
  2. > 2 seizure events in which the patient does not completely regain consciousness
22
Q

Next best step in a patient withGeneralised convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE)

A
  1. Stabalization (ABCs) + IV access and glucose fingers tick
    PLUS
  2. At the same time IV benzos (lorazepam, diazepam) for seizure termination!!
    PLUS
  3. Non benzo infusions (fosphenytoin, phenytoin, valproic acid) to prevent seizure recurrence!!!
23
Q

Manifestations of common perineal nerve neuropathy

A

U/L Foot drop
Impaired ankle dorsiflexion
Preserved plantar flexion
Numbness/tingling over dorsal foot and lateral shin

24
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of common perineal neuropathy

A

Dx- Electromyography and nerve conduction studies

Tx- Physical therapy, avoid crossing legs

25
Q

What part of the CNS is affected in Wallenberg syndrome

A

lateral medulla

26
Q

Features of Wallenberg syndrome

A

Hoarsness (CN X)
Diminished gag reflex (CN IX)
Ipsilateral Horner syndrome
Diplopia and nystagmus
Vertigo (falling to side of lesion)
Loss of pain and temp on ipsilateral face
loss of pain and temp on contralateral limbs

27
Q

Features of lateral Mid pontine lesions

A

Weakness of mastication (Trigeminal dysfunction)
Diminished jaw reflex
Impaired tacticle and position sense over face

28
Q

Which artery is responsible for medial medullary syndrome

A

Occlusion of the vertebral or anterior spinal artery

29
Q

Features of Medial medullary syndrome

A

Contralateral paralysis of arm and leg

Tongue deviation toward lesion

30
Q

Medial mid-pontine infarction presents with what features

A

Contralateral Ataxia

contralateral hemiparesis of face, trunks and limbs

31
Q

What problems can precipitate a myasthenic crisis

A

Infection
surgery
Medications (eg. fluorquinolones)

32
Q

61 year old male comes in with with a resting tremor frequency of 4-5 cycles/sec and some muscle rigidity in both arms… dx and treatment

A

Dx- Early stage Parkinsons

Tx- Trihexyphnidyl (mostly in younger patients)

STEP 2CK AMBOSS/UW & Everything Else (19 decks)

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