Medicine- Renal

Question 1

Urine Osmolality <100 mOsm/kg suggests what disorders in a patient with hyponatremia

Answer 1

1. primary polydipsia

2. malnutrition (beer potomania)

Question 2

Hyponatremia patient with serum osmoles >290 mOsm/kg what disorders are responsible

Answer 2

1. Marked hyperglycaemia

2. Advanced renal failure

Question 3

What symptoms of volume overload will be seen in a patient with nephritic syndrome

Answer 3

pulmonary edema
distended neck veins
anasarca (subcutaneous tissue swelling all over the body)

Question 4

Patients with chronic analgesics abuse are more likely to develop what problems in the future

Answer 4

Urinary tract cancer
premature aging
atherosclerotic vascular disease

Question 5

Patients with nephrotic syndrome have increased risk for developing what disorders?

Answer 5

1. Athesclerosis (due to hyperlipidemia)

2. arteriovenous thrombosis (due to loss of antithrombin III)