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Phoebe's GI > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of mucosal strengthener

A

Sucraflate

Bismuth Chealate

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2
Q

Sulfacrate

A

Negative charge allows drug to bind to postivley charged proteins
Forms complex gel, strengthens mucous
Reduces secretion

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3
Q

Bismuth Chealate

A

Mucosal strengthening

Toxic towards H. Pylori

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4
Q

PPI example

A

Omeprazole, Iansoprazole, Pantoprazole

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5
Q

PPI mechanism of action

A

Block enzyme in wall of stomach that produced acid
(Irreversible inhibition, blocks ATPase PP in of gastric gland parietal cell)
Reduce acid secretion

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6
Q

PPI major indications

A
  1. Peptic ulcer disease
  2. Symptomatic relief of GORD
  3. Eradication of H. Pylori (in conjunction with antibiotics)
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7
Q

PPI uncommon indications

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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8
Q

PPI adverse affects

A

Generally safe
Diarrhoea, headache, abdominal pain
Increased risk of C dif
Prolonged PPI = rebound acid hypersecretion

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9
Q

PPI Warnings

A

May disguise symptoms of gastric cancer

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10
Q

Histamine Type H2 Receptor Antagonists examples

A

Ranitadine

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11
Q

H2 receptors antagonists Mechanism of Action

A

Comp antagonism of H2 receptor located on basolateral membrane of acid secreting parietal cells of gastric glands
Reduces gastric acid production (less effective than PPI)

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12
Q

H2 receptor antagonist indications

A
  1. Prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer disease

2. Symptomatic relief of dyspepsia and GORD

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13
Q

Alginates and Antacids examples

A

Gaviscon, Peptac, Mucogel

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14
Q

Antacids

A

Alone can be used for short term relief of dyspepsia
Act as buffers that increase pH of gastric juice and inactivate pepsin
Suppress mucosal damage

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15
Q

Alginates

A

Increase viscosity of gastric juice and upon reaction with acid produce a foam, separating gastric contents from oesophagus
Suppress mucosal damage

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16
Q

Indications for A&A

A

GORD

Dyspepsia

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17
Q

A&A adverse effects

A

Antacids alone can cause diarrhoea
Alginates alone can cause constipation
Together in equal amounts = safe

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18
Q

Antimuscarinic drug examples

A

Hyoscine Butylbromide

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19
Q

Antimuscarinic mechanism of action

A

Competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Oppose parasympathetic division of ANS
Reduces spasm of smooth muscle, peristalsis and glandular secretions blocked by M3

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20
Q

Antimuscarinic indications

A

Relieve smooth muscle spasms in IBS

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21
Q

Adverse effects of antimuscarinics

A

Dry mouth, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision

22
Q

Anti-motility drug examples

A

Loperamide, codeine phosphate

23
Q

Loperamide mechanism of action

A

Synthetic opioid with agonist activity
Increases tone and rhythmic contractions of intestine, constricts smooth muscle sphincters but inhibits peristalsis
Constipation

24
Q

Anti-motility drugs indications

A
  1. Acute diarrhoea (NOT HOSPITAL)
  2. Symptomatic relief of IBS
  3. Analgesia for acute moderate pain (codeine)
25
Q

Anti-motility drug contraindications

A

UC = risk of toxic megacolon and perforation
Acute bloody diarrhoea
C dif colitis

26
Q

Aminosalycates examples

A

Mesalazine, balsalazide, sulfasalzine

27
Q

Aminosalycate mechanism of action

A

5-ASA acts locally to exert an anti-inflammatory response and immunosuppressant affect upon the colon

28
Q

Mesalazine and balsazide 1st line treatment fot

A

UC

29
Q

Sulfalazine indications

A

Arthritis

30
Q

Sulfsalazine side effects

A

Hypersensitivity reaction

31
Q

Bulk forming Laxatives examples

A

Ispagula husk

32
Q

Bulk laxative indication

A
  1. Constipation and faecal impaction

2. Mild chronic diarrhoea with diverticular disease or IBS

33
Q

Bulk laxative warnings

A

Don’t use in those with intestinal obstruction

34
Q

Osmotic laxatives examples

A

Lactulose, macrogol and phosphate enema

35
Q

Osmotic laxative mechanism of action

A

Osmotically active agents that are neither digested or absorbed
Water attracted to stool, increases bulk and stimulates peristalsis

36
Q

Osmotic laxative indications

A
  1. Constipation and faecal impaction
  2. Bowel preparation before endoscopy or surgery
  3. Hepatic
    encephalopathy
37
Q

Side effects of osmotic laxatives

A

Abdominal cramps, flatulence etc

38
Q

Stimulant laxatives examples

A

Senna bisocodyl, gylcercol suppository

39
Q

Stimulant laxatives mechanism of action

A

Increased electrolyte and thus water secretion from the colonic mucosa
Colonic content is increased stimulating peristalsis, which for some agents may also occur by a direct action on the enteric nervous system

40
Q

Stimulant laxative indications

A
  1. Constipation

2. Faecal impaction

41
Q

Antiemetics (Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists) examples

A

Domperdione, metoclopramide

42
Q

D2 receptor antagonists mechanism of action

A

Antagonists of D2 receptors
Dopamine relaxes stomach and lower oesophageal sphincter and disrupts gastroduodenal coordination
Pro-motility agents

43
Q

D2 receptors antagonist indications

A
  1. Treatment of nausea and vomiting

2. Treatment of GORD

44
Q

Histamine H1 Receptor antagonist examples

A

Cyclizine, cinnarazine

45
Q

H1 receptors antagonist mechanism of action

A

Comp antagonism of H1 receptors in vomiting centre and elsewhere in CNS to cause sedation
Also block M3

46
Q

H1 receptor antagonist major indications

A

Treatment of nausea and vomiting:

  • Sickness and vertigo
  • Post op
47
Q

Phenothiazine examples

A

Procloperazine

48
Q

Phenothiazine mechanism of action

A

Comp antgaonism of D2, H1 and M1 receptors in vomiting centre, vestibular system and peripherally in gut

49
Q

Phenothiazine indications

A
  1. Nausea and vomiting

2. Psychiatric disorders

50
Q

5-HT3 receptor antagonists examples

A

ondansetron

51
Q

5-HT3 receptor antagonists mechanism of action

A

Competitive antagonism of 5-HT3 receptors

Located in chemoreceptor trigger zone

52
Q

5-HT3 receptor antagonists indications

A
  1. Treat nausea and vomiting induced by chemo and radiotherapy and post op

Phoebe's GI (24 decks)

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