Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine function

A

Acinar cells secrete pancreatic enzymes

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2
Q

Endocrine function

A

Islets of Langerhan secrete hormones into blood

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3
Q

Pancreatic fluid

A

Secretions regulated by vagus nerve and gastrin level
Acinar Cells:
Protease, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic amylase
Epithelial cells:
Bicarbonate, water

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4
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Acute inflammatory response in pancreas

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5
Q

Aetiology of Pancreatitis

A
I GET SMASHED
Idopathic
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion bute
Hypercalcaemia
ERCP
Drugs
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6
Q

Pancreatitis pathophysiology

A

Bile reflux theory

Hyperstimulation of pancreatic acinar cells with cholecystokinin

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7
Q

Clinical presentation of pancreatitis

A
Acute onset epigastric pain
Radiating through to back
Very severe
Double over
Nausea and vomiting 
Jaundice
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8
Q

Ix pancreatitis

A

IV access
Bloods (FBC, U&E, LFT)
ABG’s

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9
Q

Classification of severity of pancreatitis

A

Glasgow criteria

> 3 = severe

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10
Q

Management of pancreatitis

A
Conservative 
Fluid resuscitation
Correct electrolytes
Careful fluid balance
Oxygen
Antibiotics
Nutrition
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11
Q

Pancreatic Pseudocysts

A

Complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis

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12
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

A

Progressive and irreversible damage

Loss of endocrine and exocrine function

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13
Q

Presentation of chronic pancreatitis

A

Similar to acute

Alcohol history, smoker, medications, masses, ascites

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14
Q

Duodenal obstruction

A

Oedema due to acute flare up

Fibrosis and pancreatic head tumour

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15
Q

Management of duodenal obstruction

A

Stent
Bypass
Resection

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16
Q

Pancreatic Tumours - Exocrine

A

Adenocarcinoma

17
Q

Pancreatic Tumours - Endocrine

A

Gastrinoma
Insulinoma
Glucagonoma

18
Q

Gastrinoma

A

Produces gastrin, increases stomach acid

19
Q

Insulinoma

A

Produces insulin, encourages sugar uptake and storage, hypoglycaemia

20
Q

Glucagonoma

A

Produces glucagon, increases serum blood sugars, hyperglycaemia