Hepatitis Flashcards
Viruses
A, B, C, D & E
Hep A Transmission
Faecal Oral
Hep A people
Children, travellers, poor hygiene
Hep A clinical
Acute hepatitis
No chronic infection
Hep A lab
Clotted blood for serology
Hep A IgM = acute infection
Hep A IgG = previous infection, remains for life
Hep A symptoms
Fever, malaise, nausea, athraligia, jaundice + hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
Hep E
Tropical
Like Hep A
Faecal oral
Hep D
Only found in Hep B virus, exacerbates
Hep B transmission
Sex
Mother to child
Blood
Chronic infection, first exposure as child
Hep B Ix
HBsAG present in blood of all infectious individuals
HBeAG often
Hep B IgM
Anti-HB’s in immunity
Hep B control
Minimise exposure:
Safe sex, needles, blood
Vaccines
HBIG (hyperimmune Hep B immunoglobulin)
Hep C transmission
Unprotected sex
Blood to blood
Hep C control
No vaccine
Minimise exposure
Management of acute viral hepatitis
Symptomatic
No antivirals given
Notify public health
Vaccinate against other infections if at risk
Management of chronic hepatits
Antivirals Vaccination Infection control Alchohol Hepatocellular carcinoma awareness/screening
Inteferon alfa
Human protein
Part of immune response to viral infection
Given by injection
PBC
IgM and anti-mitochondrial antibody
Storage diseases
Haemochromatosis
Wilson’s Disease
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Haemochromatosis
Excess iron in liver
Primary Haemochromatosis
Genetic condition
Increased absorption of iron
Autosomal reccessive
Secondary Haemochromatosis
Iron overload from diet, transfusions, iron therapy
Wilson’s disease
Inherited autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism
Copper accumulates in liver and brain
Causes chronic hep and neurological deterioration
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Inherited autosomal recessive
Disorder of production of enzyme inhibitor
Causes empyema and cirrhosis
Cytoplasmic globules of unsecreted globules of protein in liver cells
Primary Liver Tumours
RARE
Hepatocellular adenoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
