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Phoebe's GI > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity, oropharynx and larygopharynx covered by

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, not keratinised

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2
Q

Nasal cavity and nasopharynx covered by

A

respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thin ventral surface
Thick with papillae on dorsal surface

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4
Q

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Covered by smooth stratified squamous epithelium

Lacks papillae

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5
Q

Filiform papillae

A

no taste buds

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6
Q

Gastro-oesophageal junction

A

abrupt transition from stratifies squamous epithelium of oesophagus to simple columnar epithelium of stomach

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7
Q

Chief cell

A

Digestive enzyme secreting cell

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8
Q

Parietal cell

A

Hydrochloric acid producing cell

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9
Q

Stomach regions

A

Cardia
Body
Pylorus

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10
Q

Cardia

A

Deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed, tortous glands

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11
Q

Body

A

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

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12
Q

Pylorus

A

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a higher density than cardia

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13
Q

Gastroduodenal Junction

A

Abrupt transition from stomach mucosa to duodenal mucosa

Inner circular layer of smooth muscle is thickened to form pyloric sphincter

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14
Q

Longest part of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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15
Q

Duodenum

A

Contains Brunner’s glands in submucosa

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16
Q

Jejunum

A

Tallest villi, located on permanent circular folds of mucosa (plicae circularis)

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17
Q

Ileum

A

Characterised by shorter villi and aggregations of lymphoid follicles called Peyer’s Patches

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18
Q

Enterocytes

A

absorptive cell with brush border

19
Q

Goblet cell

A

produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material

20
Q

Paneth cells

A

Base of crypts of Lieberkuhn

Defensive

21
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

Produce hormones inducing secretion and motility

22
Q

Protective mucosa

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal

Non-stratified keratinised squamous epithelium

23
Q

Secretory mucosa

A

Stomach

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands

24
Q

Absorptive mucosa

A

small intestine

Simple columnar epithelium with villi and tubular glands

25
Q

Protective and absorptive mucosa

A

Large intestine

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands

26
Q

Portal tracts have branches of

A

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile ductule
Lymphatic vessles

27
Q

Cholangiocytes

A

Simple cuboidal cells lining bile ducts

28
Q

Sinusoids

A

Blood channels in liver
Lined by endothelial cells
Fenestrated

29
Q

Space of Disse

A

Space between sinusoid and hepatocyte

30
Q

Hepatic Stellate Cells

A

Scattered in Space of Disse
Modified fibroblasts and make connective tissue
Store vitamin A
In some cases fibroblasts can become myofibroblasts and produce scar tissue in liver

31
Q

Kupffer cells

A

Scattered within sinusoids

Remove particulate matter from blood and remove worn out rbc’s

32
Q

Bile

A

Alkaline solution containing water, ions, phospholipids, bilirubin and bile salts

33
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment resulting from breakdown of haemoglobin in spleen

Causes brown faeces

34
Q

Bile salts

A

needed for emulsification of fats in digestive tract

35
Q

Primary bile produced by

A

Hepatocytes

36
Q

Bile production

A

Produced by hepatocytes
Flows via bile canaliculi toward bile ducts in portal tracts
Then to hepatic duct

37
Q

Gall bladder

A

Muscular sac
Stores bile
Folded mucosa when empty - flattens when distended
Modifies bile stored in it

38
Q

Gall bladder function

A

80-90% of bile that arrives is removed
Actively pump Na and Cl ions from bile into spaces between adjacent epithelial cells
Water follows due to osmosis

Gall bladder contracts and delivers bile to duodenum by nervous control and via release of cholecystokinin by endocrine cells when fatty food enters

39
Q

Gall bladder structure

A

Lined by tall columnar epithelial cells with brush border

40
Q

Pancreas

A

Exocrine and endocrine gland

41
Q

Exocrine pancreas

A

Produces digestive juices containing protease to break down proteins, lipases, nucleases and amulases
These enter the duodenum by the pancreatic duct

42
Q

Endocrine pancreas

A

Islets of Langerhan

Produce insulin and glucagon

43
Q

Centroacinar cells

A

Smallest ducts of pancreas

44
Q

Main hepatic duct joins common bile duct and opens into duodenum on a papillae

A

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla of Vater

Phoebe's GI (24 decks)

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