Histology

Question 1

Oral cavity, oropharynx and larygopharynx covered by

Answer 1

Stratified squamous epithelium, not keratinised

Question 2

Nasal cavity and nasopharynx covered by

Answer 2

respiratory epithelium

Question 3

Anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 3

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thin ventral surface
Thick with papillae on dorsal surface

Question 4

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

Answer 4

Covered by smooth stratified squamous epithelium

Lacks papillae

Question 5

Filiform papillae

Answer 5

no taste buds

Question 6

Gastro-oesophageal junction

Answer 6

abrupt transition from stratifies squamous epithelium of oesophagus to simple columnar epithelium of stomach

Question 7

Chief cell

Answer 7

Digestive enzyme secreting cell

Question 8

Parietal cell

Answer 8

Hydrochloric acid producing cell

Question 9

Stomach regions

Answer 9

Cardia
Body
Pylorus

Question 10

Cardia

Answer 10

Deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed, tortous glands

Question 11

Body

Answer 11

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

Question 12

Pylorus

Answer 12

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a higher density than cardia

Question 13

Gastroduodenal Junction

Answer 13

Abrupt transition from stomach mucosa to duodenal mucosa

Inner circular layer of smooth muscle is thickened to form pyloric sphincter

Question 14

Longest part of small intestine

Answer 14

Jejunum

Question 15

Duodenum

Answer 15

Contains Brunner’s glands in submucosa

Question 16

Jejunum

Answer 16

Tallest villi, located on permanent circular folds of mucosa (plicae circularis)

Question 17

Ileum

Answer 17

Characterised by shorter villi and aggregations of lymphoid follicles called Peyer’s Patches

Question 18

Enterocytes

Answer 18

absorptive cell with brush border

Question 19

Goblet cell

Answer 19

produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material

Question 20

Paneth cells

Answer 20

Base of crypts of Lieberkuhn

Defensive

Question 21

Enteroendocrine cells

Answer 21

Produce hormones inducing secretion and motility

Question 22

Protective mucosa

Answer 22

Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal

Non-stratified keratinised squamous epithelium

Question 23

Secretory mucosa

Answer 23

Stomach

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands

Question 24

Absorptive mucosa

Answer 24

small intestine

Simple columnar epithelium with villi and tubular glands

Question 25

Protective and absorptive mucosa

Answer 25

Large intestine | Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands

Question 26

Portal tracts have branches of

Answer 26

Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery Bile ductule Lymphatic vessles

Question 27

Cholangiocytes

Answer 27

Simple cuboidal cells lining bile ducts

Question 28

Sinusoids

Answer 28

Blood channels in liver Lined by endothelial cells Fenestrated

Question 29

Space of Disse

Answer 29

Space between sinusoid and hepatocyte

Question 30

Hepatic Stellate Cells

Answer 30

Scattered in Space of Disse Modified fibroblasts and make connective tissue Store vitamin A In some cases fibroblasts can become myofibroblasts and produce scar tissue in liver

Question 31

Kupffer cells

Answer 31

Scattered within sinusoids | Remove particulate matter from blood and remove worn out rbc's

Question 32

Bile

Answer 32

Alkaline solution containing water, ions, phospholipids, bilirubin and bile salts

Question 33

Bilirubin

Answer 33

Pigment resulting from breakdown of haemoglobin in spleen | Causes brown faeces

Question 34

Bile salts

Answer 34

needed for emulsification of fats in digestive tract

Question 35

Primary bile produced by

Answer 35

Hepatocytes

Question 36

Bile production

Answer 36

Produced by hepatocytes Flows via bile canaliculi toward bile ducts in portal tracts Then to hepatic duct

Question 37

Gall bladder

Answer 37

Muscular sac Stores bile Folded mucosa when empty - flattens when distended Modifies bile stored in it

Question 38

Gall bladder function

Answer 38

80-90% of bile that arrives is removed Actively pump Na and Cl ions from bile into spaces between adjacent epithelial cells Water follows due to osmosis Gall bladder contracts and delivers bile to duodenum by nervous control and via release of cholecystokinin by endocrine cells when fatty food enters

Question 39

Gall bladder structure

Answer 39

Lined by tall columnar epithelial cells with brush border

Question 40

Pancreas

Answer 40

Exocrine and endocrine gland

Question 41

Exocrine pancreas

Answer 41

Produces digestive juices containing protease to break down proteins, lipases, nucleases and amulases These enter the duodenum by the pancreatic duct

Question 42

Endocrine pancreas

Answer 42

Islets of Langerhan | Produce insulin and glucagon

Question 43

Centroacinar cells

Answer 43

Smallest ducts of pancreas

Question 44

Main hepatic duct joins common bile duct and opens into duodenum on a papillae

Answer 44

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla of Vater