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Science For Medicine > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the communication between cells

A

INTER cellular communication

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2
Q

why do chemical messengers only effect certain cells

A

as the cell has the specific receptor for that chemical messenger

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3
Q

what do receptors do

A

enable specificity

evoke an appropriate response

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4
Q

what are the appropriate responses of receptors

A

membrane permeability (NMJ)

secretory
metabolism
rate of proliferation

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5
Q

what are intracellular receptors

A

receptors that are inside the cell

BUT STILL RESPOND TO INTERCELLULAR chemical MESSAGES

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6
Q

what properties do intercellular chemical messengers that bind intracellular receptors have

A

lipophilic (lipid-soluble)

steroid hormone (regulate transcription)

have to bind to a protein in plasma

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7
Q

Nitric oxide - NO what is it

A

unorthodox transmitter
CNS neurotransmitter

produced in cell diffuses right out - and into next cell

binds to INTRACELLULAR RECEPTOR

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8
Q

what dose NO bind to

then what dose that cause

A

soluble guanylyl cyclase

generates cGMP as a secondary messenger

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9
Q

if a chemical messenger is NOT lipid soluble then what receptor will it bind to

A

cell surface/ plasma membrane receptors

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10
Q

what are the classes 4 of plasma membrane receptors

A

ionotropic

receptor enzyme complex (integral)

receptor enzyme complex (not integral)

G protein-coupled receptor

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11
Q

what is a ionotropic receptor

A

it opens or closes a channel allowing a change in the membrane potential due to the change in ions

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12
Q

what is a example of ionotropic receptor

what do they do

A

nicotinic ACh receptor

evoke fast EPSP or fast IPSP

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13
Q

what is a receptor enzyme complex

A

a receptor that has an enzyme as a integral part of it

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14
Q

what is an example of a receptor enzyme complex

A

tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates a tyrosine residue

changing the activity of the protein leading to the cells response

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15
Q

what is a receptor enzyme complex that doesn’t have an integral enzyme

what is an example - what dose it do

A

a receptor that is bound to a different protein that is a enzyme

jak kinase - protein synthesis

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16
Q

how dose a g protein work

A

chemical messenger binds to receptor - release the 3 different G protein subunits
which work on effector protein

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17
Q

what can cAMP dependent kinase do

A

regulates transcription factors
regulate enzymes
regulate microtubules

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18
Q

what are the two types of G-protein couples receptors

A

coupled to adenylyl cyclase

phospholipase C

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19
Q

what binds the adenylyl cyclase

what dose adenylyl cyclase do

A

alpha subunit regulated it

breaks down ATP into Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

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20
Q

what is cAMP

A

a secondary messenger

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21
Q

what dose cAMP do

A

activate cAMP dependent protein kinase

22
Q

what dose activated cAMP dependent protein kinase

A

phosphorylate other proteins and cause the cells response

23
Q

what binds to phospholipase C to activate it

A

the alpha G protein

sent from

24
Q

what dose phospholipase C do

A

brings down lipids in the membrane and breaks it down into IP3 and DAG

25
Q

what is IP3

A

Inositol triphosphate
a secondary messenger
act on endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

what is DAG

A

diacylglycerol
a secondary messenger

regulate the activity of protein kinase C to

becomes active protein kinas C

phosphorylates other proteins to cause the cells response

27
Q

when IP3 acts on the endoplasmic reticulum what happens

A

due to the uptake of calcium by the ER

Ca IS RELEASED!!!

28
Q

what dose the C stand for in protein kinase C

A

calcium as it activates protein kinase c as well

29
Q

onnce released by the endoplasmic reticulum what dose Ca do

A

activate protein kinases c

or trigger the cells response independently

30
Q

what evokes slow EPSPs and slow IPSPs

A

G-coupled receptors - coupled directly top ion channels

31
Q

what are the sources of Ca for being a secondary messenger

A
  • inhibition of Ca transport out of the cell

internal stores - endoplasmic reticulum

32
Q

what are the 3 methods of Ca working

A
  • effect target protein PKC
  • binds to calmodulin = binds to calmodulin dependent kinase Cam KInase

binds to a other protein - troponin

33
Q

what is the EC50

A

the concentration of drug that produces half the maximal response

34
Q

what is affinity

A

the strength of the chemical attraction between drug and receptor

35
Q

what dose a low EC50 indicate

A

a higher affinity (and vies versa)

36
Q

what is the efficacy

A

how good the drug is at activating the receptor

37
Q

what does the size of a drug response come down to

A

efficacy and affinity

38
Q

what is the affinity and efficacy of a full agonist

A

high affinity

high efficacy

39
Q

what is the affinity and efficacy of a partial agonist

A

high affinity

low efficacy

40
Q

what is the affinity and efficacy of a antagonist

A

high affinity

BLOCKS efficacy

41
Q

what are antagonist

A

block normal action if receptor

42
Q

what are agonists

A

mimic normal effect of receptor

43
Q

what are Endogenous agonist

A

naturally produced by the body which binds to and activates that receptor

44
Q

what is a selective agonist what is an example

A

activates only some receptors

salbutamol - beta2 agonist

45
Q

what is an example of a transmitter that may act on several receptor subtypes

A

noradrenaline (THE MASTER KEY)
alpha 1,2,
and beta 1,2

46
Q

what is an example of a elective antagonist

A

propanol
a beta1, and2

it will also block salbutamol the SELECTIVE AGONIST

47
Q

activating alpha 1 does what

A

dilates pupils

48
Q

activating alpha 2 does what

A

increase GI secretion

49
Q

activating beta 1 does what

A

increase heart rate

50
Q

activating beta 2 does what

A

dilates air ways

Science For Medicine (17 decks)

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