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Science For Medicine > forces across the membrane > Flashcards

forces across the membrane Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what passes from ICF to ECF

A

carbon dioxide and waste

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2
Q

what passes from ECF to ICF

A

oxygen and nutrients

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3
Q

what can cross all membranes

A

water

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4
Q

what’s the make up of ICF

A

high potassium
high protein
low sodium

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5
Q

what makes up the interstitial fluid

A

high sodium
low protein
low potassium

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6
Q

what is the make up of plasma

A

high sodium
high plasma protein
low potassium

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7
Q

what are the 4 membrane proteins

A

Receptors

Transporters (Carrier and channel proteins)

Enzymes

Peripheral proteins

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8
Q

what are the two types of transporters

A

channels and carrier

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9
Q

what are channel proteins

A

crate a pore

either open water or gated ions

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10
Q

what are carrier proteins

A

don’t create continuous pore

Open ECF, then ICF, but never at the same time

larger molecules - glucose.

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11
Q

what are the 5 mechanisms of movement across cell membrane

A 
endo/exo cytosis
diffusion
mediated transport
osmosis
filtration
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12
Q

what is the definition of diffusion

A

molecules spread from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, until the concentration is uniform throughout the volume.

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13
Q

what dose the flux look like between high/low solute concentration

A

one way flux between both high to low and low to high solute

however net flux is is always high to low

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14
Q

what dose a molecule need to be to pass through a lipid bilayer

A

small
hydrophobic
uncharged

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15
Q

what channels do water molecules pass through

A

aquaporins

no barrier to water

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16
Q

what are the 2 gated channels - what usually passes through

A

ligand and voltage

ions

17
Q

what are the two forces that need to be considerd for an ion to cross a membrane

A

electrical gradient
positive and negative = going to neutral

concentration high to low

18
Q

if a molecule is transported against its concentration gradient it is..

A

active transport

ATP

19
Q

if a molecule is transported with its concentration gradient it is

A

facilitated diffusion

20
Q

what is osmosis

A

Net movement of H2O from regions of high H2O concentration to regions of low H2O concentration

21
Q

what is diffusion

A

Net movement of solute from regions of high solute concentration to regions of low solute concentration

22
Q

what is osmotic pressure

A

the pressure required to prevent water movement

23
Q

what is osmolarity

A

measures the concentration of biological solutes

and is the total number of particle in solution

24
Q

what is tonicity

A

it describes the number of non-penetrating particles in solution

25
Q

what is the osmolality of glucose

NaCl

A 
glucose = X1
NaCl = X2
26
Q

what is the normal osmolarity of plasma/inside the cell

A

same in plasma as in cell

285 or 300mOsmol/l

27
Q

is urea penetrating or non penetrating

A

penetrating

28
Q

what is the name of a solution that has the same number of solutes as plasma

what about fewer solutes in solution

what about more solutes in solution

A

isosmotic

hypo-osmotic

hyper-osmotic

29
Q

what is the tonicity of extracellular fluid

A

285/300mosmol/L

30
Q

what do cells in hypotonic solutions do

what do cells in hypertonic solutions do

A

swell - as water enters down a conc. gradient

shrink - because water leaves down a conc. gradient

31
Q

do changes in osmolarity effect cell volume

A

NO only tonicity

32
Q

Solutions with fewer non-penetrating solute particles are…

A

hypotonic.

33
Q

Solutions with greater number of non-penetrating solute particles are

A

hypertonic

34
Q

a solution which has the same number of non-penetrating solute particles as normal ECF (plasma) is said to be

A

isotonic

35
Q

what happens when a red blood cell is paced in water

A

will swell and burst because water moves in by osmosis (due to presence of non-penetrating ions in the ICF)

36
Q

what happens when you place a red blood cell in hyperosmotic urea

A

still swell and burst -because urea is a penetrating particle and because the urea is in an aqueous hypotonic solution.

Science For Medicine (17 decks)

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