Nerves Flashcards
what are the sub divisions of the nervous system
CNS - brain, spinal chord
PNS
autonomic
somatic - conscious
enteric - Gut
numer of nerves in each spinal area including crainaium
12 -cranial 8 - cervical 12 - thoracic 5 - lumbar 5 - sacral 1 - coccygeal
number of nerves in each spinal area including cranium
12 -cranial 8 - cervical 12 - thoracic 5 - lumbar 5 - sacral 1 - coccygeal
what dose the cell body contain
nucleus - makes/ transcribes proteins
what are the dendrites
receiving information
leading to the cell body
what’s the initial segment of the axon called
the action hillock
what dose the action hillock do
the location at where an action potential is fired
what are the axon terminals
release neuro transmitter across synapse to the dendrites
what are afferent neurons
sensory receptor to CNS
what are efferent neurones
CNS to muscle, gland or other neurone (EXIT)
what are interneurons
neurones in between afferent and efferent neurones
what are interneurons
neurones in between afferent and efferent neurones
what are the glia
the connective tissue of the nervous system
what are the 4 types of glia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
what do the astrocytes do
LOOKS LIKE A STAR
maintain the correct environment for neurones - by insulating the capillaries to stop ion transfer creating the BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
what are oligodendrocytes
in charge of myelination of the CNS
don’t wrap themselves around instead just wrap their feet around nerves
what do microglia do
part of the immune system
waiting to be activated by pathogen - destroy by phagocytosis
what do the ependymal cells do
form the barrier between the spinal chord and the CSF
produce the CSF
what dose the dorsal route ganglion contain
the afferent cell bodies
what are meninges
the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
what is a sulcus
a grove on the brain
what is the cerebrum
what are the 4 lobes
frontal lobes
parietal lobes
temporal lobes
occipital lobes
what is the cerebellum
the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates, which coordinates and regulates muscular activity.
what is a gyrus
a ridge on the brain
what dose the thalamus do
it is the last relay of sensory info
what dose he hypothalamus do
hormones
appetite
sexual behaviour
what is the diencephalon contain
thalamus
hypothalamus
what dose the brain stem do
maintain basic human life functions
what dose the brain stem do
maintain basic human life functions
what do action potentials do
transmit signals over long distances
what do graded potential do
decide when an action potential should be fired
what is the resting membrane potential
the battery that keeps the cell ready to respond
how much more negative is the inside of a cell to extracellular (neurones )
- 70mV difference from outside to in
how is a resting membrane potential created
leaky potassium
what is the equilibrium potential for potassium
-90mV
why do neurons have a RMP of -70mV
3 reasons
there is a few leaky Na+, Cl-
some proteins traped inside the cell are negative
Na/K pump
where are post synaptic potentials
at synapses
where are end plate potentials
at the neuromuscular junction
where are pacemaker potentials
in pace maker tissue
what are graded potentials good for
short distances
being ‘graded’ (ie press hard get bigger response than pressing soft)