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Psychiatry > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Give some clinical uses of antidepressants

A

Moderate-severe depression
Anxiety disorder
Bulimia
Neuropathic pain

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2
Q

What are the three main classes of antidepressants?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
Atypical drugs

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3
Q

What are the three main monoamine neurotransmitters?

A

Noradrenaline
5-HT (serotonin)
Dopamine

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4
Q

What happens once serotonin operates postsynaptically?

A

It is reuptaken into the presynaptic neurone and is metabolised by MAO

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5
Q

What happens to noradrenaline once it acts on its postsynaptic receptor?

A

It is reuptaken into the presynaptic neurone and is metabolised by MAO

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6
Q

What is the effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

A

Prevents metabolising of monoamines - drives up neurotransmitter concentration in both presynaptic cleft and synapse

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7
Q

Give a reversible and irreversible MAO inhibitor

A

Reversible - moclobemide

Irreversible - phenelzine

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8
Q

What is the main side effect of MAO inhibitors?

A

“Cheese reaction” - eating foods containing tyramine can cause a hypertensive crisis

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9
Q

Give some other side effects of MAO inhibitors

A

Insomnia
Postural hypotension
Peripheral oedema

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10
Q

How do tricyclic antidepressants work?

A

Block the reuptake of neurotransmitter

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11
Q

Give some examples of tricyclic antidepressants

A

Imipramine
Dosulepin
Amitriptyline
Lofepramine

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12
Q

Give some common side effects of tricyclic antidepressants

A

Anticholinergic - blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation
Antihistaminergic - sedation and weight gain
Cardiotoxicity

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13
Q

How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work?

A

Selectively block the reuptake of 5-HT

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14
Q

What are the main SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Sertraline

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15
Q

Give some common side effects of SSRIs

A 
Nausea
Headache
Sweating
Worsened anxiety
Sexual dysfunction
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16
Q

How do dual reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) work?

A

Block the reuptake of NA and 5-HT

17
Q

What are the main SNRIs?

A

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

18
Q

How does mirtazapine work?

A

Blocks alpha and serotonin receptors

19
Q

What is the main drug used to treat bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium

20
Q

Give some common side effects of lithium

A 
Dry mouth
Polyuria
Tremor
Hypothyroidism
Reduced renal function
21
Q

Give some toxic effects of lithium

A 
Vomiting 
Diarrhoea
Ataxia
Drowsiness
Coma
22
Q

How do atypical antidepressants work?

A

Antagonise dopamine and serotonin

Psychiatry (23 decks)

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