ADHD Flashcards
What are the core features of ADHD?
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Give some of the impacts of ADHD in childhood
Difficulty parenting children
Emotional dysregulation
Poor problem solving ability
Antisocial behaviours
Give some of the impacts of ADHD in adulthood
Psychiatric co-morbidity
Criminality
Substance misuse
ADHD has no genetic association. True/false?
False - familial clustering
Give some perinatal factors that could lead to ADHD
Tobacco and alcohol use
Significant prematurity
Foetal distress
Give some psychosocial risk factors that could lead to ADHD
Inconsistent parenting
Low social class
Large family size
Emotional trauma
In ADHD, the frontal lobe is underactive. True/false?
True
What is the significance of an underactive frontal lobe?
As it means the frontal lobe is unable to reason, plan and prevent impulses
In ADHD there is an higher concentration of which transporters?
Dopamine
What diagnostic criteria is required for childhood ADHD?
6+ symptoms of inattentiveness
6+ symptoms of hyperactivity
Present before 5 years
What is the diagnostic criteria for adulthood ADHD?
5+ symptoms of inattentiveness
5+ hyperactive/impulsive symptoms
Give some psychosocial treatments that an be used for ADHD
Parent training
Social skills training
What drugs are first-line treatment for ADHD?
Stimulants - ritalin (methylphenidate) and dexameftamine
What drug is second-line treatment for ADHD?
SNRI - atomoxetine
What drug is third-line treatment for ADHD?
Alpha agonists - clonidine and guanfacine
How does methylphenidate work?
Increases dopamine concentration by blocking its transporter
How does dexamphetamine work?
Increases extracellular noradrenaline
How do non-stimulants work?
Increase noradrenaline concentration
