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Mastering Healthcare Terminology 2E > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Analgesics

A

Reduce pain

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2
Q

Anti-inflammatories

A

Reduce inflammation and pain

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3
Q

Antirheumatics

A

Manage symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

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4
Q

Biphosphonates

A

Affects bone formation to treat diseases such as osteoporosis, Paget disease, or bone cancer.

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5
Q

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs

A

Slows progression of rheumatoid arthritis while also reducing signs and symptoms.

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6
Q

Muscle relaxants

A

Relieve pain caused by muscle spasms by relaxing skeletal muscles.

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7
Q

Anesthetic Agents

A

Drugs to reduce pain and discomfort

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8
Q

Antibacterials

A

Drugs to prevent and treat bacterial growth

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9
Q

Antifungals

A

Drugs that attack fungi

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10
Q

Antihistamines

A

Drugs that lessen itching by reducing an allergic response

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11
Q

Anti-inflammatories

A

Used to reduce inflammation and pain

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12
Q

Antipsoriatics

A

Agents to specifically treat psoriasis

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13
Q

Antiseptics

A

Topical agents used to prevent infection by destroying microbials

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14
Q

Antivirals

A

Drugs designed to lessen the effects of viruses

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15
Q

Emollients

A

Topical substances to soften the skin

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16
Q

Immunomodulators or Immunosuppressants

A

Agents that suppress the body’s immune system

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17
Q

Keratolytics

A

Topical substances used to break down hardened skin and shed the top layer of skin to treat warts, calluses, corns, acne etc.

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18
Q

Pediculicides

A

Destroy lice

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19
Q

Protectives

A

Topicals with SPF to protect skin from UV in sunlight

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20
Q

Retinoids

A

Derived from Vitamin A, alters growth of top layer of skin to treat acne, and reduce wrinkles

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21
Q

Scabicides

A

Destroy mites and scabies.

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22
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

Interferes with DNA replication to lead to cancer cell death or dysfunction.

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23
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Replace compounds that cancer cells need to grow and/or replicate.

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24
Q

Antineoplastic Antibiotics

A

Prevent or delay cell replication

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25
Q

Antineoplastic Hormones

A

Interfere with receptors for growth-stimulating proteins

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26
Q

Interleukins

A

Stimulate cells of the immune system to boost attack on cancer cells

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27
Q

Mitotic inhibitors

A

Prevent cell diivision

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28
Q

Vinca Alkaloids

A

Prevent formation of chromosome spindles necessary for cell duplication.

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29
Q

Antithyroid Agents

A

Used to treat hyperthyroidism.

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30
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Used to treat underfunctioning adrenal cortices

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31
Q

Growth Hormones

A

Used to treat various disease-causing growth inhibitions.

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32
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

Used to treat diabetes insipidus

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33
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

Used to treat hypothyroidism

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34
Q

otics

A

Drugs applied to external ear canal

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35
Q

decongestants

A

used to relieve congestion due to cold, allergies, or sinus pressure

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36
Q

ceruminolytics

A

used to soften and break down earwax

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37
Q

NMDA receptor antagonists

A

used to preserve cognitive function in patients suffering progressive memory loss

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38
Q

Sedatives and sedative-hypnotics

A

overlapping classes of central nervous system depressants that exert a calming effect with or without inducing sleep

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39
Q

Stimulants

A

Generally intended to increase synaptic activity of specific neurons.

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40
Q

Mood Stabilizers

A

Drugs that balance neurotransmitters in the brain to reduce or prevent acute mood swings

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41
Q

Hypnotics

A

Drugs to promote sleep

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42
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Drugs to combat the cognitive deterioration seen in disorders such as dementia and Alzheimers

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43
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Drugs to relieve symptoms of anxiety

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44
Q

Antipsychotics or neuroleptics

A

medication intended to control psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions

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45
Q

Antidepressants

A

medication to relieve symptoms of a depressed mood.

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46
Q

Antialcoholics

A

Drugs intended to discourage use of alcohol

47
Q

Amphetamines

A

A type of CNS stimulant used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD and as an appetite suppressant

48
Q

Analgesics

A

Reduce pain

49
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

reduce the frequency and severity of seizures

50
Q

Antiparkinsonian drugs

A

Effective against Parkinson’s disease

51
Q

Antipyretics

A

reduce fever

52
Q

Neuromuscular blockers

A

Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine at the motor nerve end plate to cause paralysis

53
Q

Sedatives

A

inhibit neuronal activity to calm and relax

54
Q

bronchodilators

A

relax bronchi to improve ventilation to the lungs

55
Q

Decongestants

A

reduce congestion or swelling of mucous membranes

56
Q

Expectorants

A

Promote the expulsion of mucus from the respiratory tract

57
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

reduce airway inflammation to improve ventilation via nasal or oral inhalation

58
Q

Mucolytics

A

Break up thick mucous in the respiratory tract

59
Q

antitussives

A

Suppress the cough reflex

60
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

Drugs that relax blood vessels

61
Q

Antiarrythmic drugs

A

Drugs that treat cardiac arrhythmias and restore sinus rhythm

62
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent formation of blood clots

63
Q

Antihyperlipidemics

A

Lowers cholesterol levels to reduce risk of heart attack or stroke

64
Q

Beta-blockers

A

Lessen the heart rate and force of heart contractions

65
Q

calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

A

decrease myocardial oxygen demand by inhibiting flow of calcium to smooth muscle cells to cause arterial relaxation

66
Q

Diurectics

A

Promote the excretion of sodium and water as urine.

67
Q

Nitrates

A

Relax blood vessels and reduce the myocardial oxygen consumption

68
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Aid in the dissolution of blood clots.

69
Q

acidifiers

A

drugs that increase pH of the urine to prevent kidney stones

70
Q

Alkalinizers

A

drugs that increase the pH of the urine to treat acidosis or promote excretion of drugs and toxins

71
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Drugs that help control urinary incontinence

72
Q

Antidiurectics

A

Drugs that suppress urine formation

73
Q

Antiinfectives

A

Drugs that fight infection in the urinary system

74
Q

Antispasmodics

A

Drugs that help prevent muscle spasms

75
Q

Alpha-adrenergic inhibitors

A

relax smooth muscle in prostate to improve urinary flow

76
Q

Androgen hormone inhibitors

A

Suppresses growth and shrinks enlarged prostate

77
Q

Anti-Impotence Agents

A

alleviates erectile dysfunction

78
Q

Abortifacient

A

Terminates pregnancy

79
Q

Birth control patch

A

Timed release contraceptive worn on skin

80
Q

Emergency contraception pill

A

Medication to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse, does not cause abortion or affect existing pregnancy

81
Q

Hormone implant

A

timed release medication placed in skin of upper arm providing long term contraception

82
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

implant in uterus that prevents implantation of a zygote

83
Q

Oral contraceptive

A

Pill taken daily to prevent pregnancy

84
Q

Spermicides

A

Foam or gel inserted into vagina before intercourse to kill sperm

85
Q

Bromocriptine

A

reduces prolactin levels to suppress ovulation

86
Q

Clomiphene

A

Stimulates pituitary to produce hormones to trigger ovulation

87
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist

A

agent to prevent premature release of eggs

88
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin

A

triggers ovulation typically given with another medication that stimulates release of developed eggs

89
Q

Human menopausal gonadotropins

A

Stimulate the production of egg follicles and cause eggs to be released when developed

90
Q

Lutropin alfa

A

stimulates production of egg follicles

91
Q

urofollitropin

A

mimics follicle-stimulating hormone to stimulate ovaries to produce egg follicles

92
Q

Oxytocic

A

Induces labor

93
Q

Tocolytic

A

Slows or stops pre-term labor by inhibiting uterine contractions

94
Q

Hormone replacement therapy / estrogen replacement therapy

A

relieves symptoms of menopause and protects against osteoporosis

95
Q

Phytoestrogens

A

act similarly to human estrogens in the body

96
Q

Anticoagulants

A

prevent or delay coagulation of blood to prevent formation of thrombi

97
Q

Antiplatelets

A

Inhibit the function of platelets or destroy them

98
Q

blood-flow modifiers

A

Promote blood flow by keeping platelets from clumping or decreasing blood viscosity

99
Q

colony-stimulating factors

A

stimulate the production of white blood cells in the bone marrow

100
Q

Erythropoietic agents

A

increase the production of red blood cells by stimulating erythropoesis

101
Q

hematinics

A

increase the number of erythrocytes and/or hemoglobin concentration to treat iron deficient anemia

102
Q

hematopoietic agents

A

stimulate blood cell production

103
Q

Hemostatics

A

help stop the flow of blood

104
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Aid in the dissolution of blood clots

105
Q

Thrombopoietic factors

A

stimulate the production of thrombocytes or platelets

106
Q

anti-IgE agents (immunoglobulin E)

A

antibodies that treat allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis

107
Q

Antineoplastics

A

Treat cancer by preventing growth or promoting destruction of neoplastic cells

108
Q

Antiretrovirals

A

manage the replication of HIV and its progression into AIDS

109
Q

Corticosteroids

A

steroids - suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation

110
Q

cytotoxic agents

A

Used as immunosuppressants or antineoplastics in order to damage or destroy cells

111
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

reduce the immune response

112
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

Block leukotriences to manage later stages of allergic reactions

113
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

antiretroviral used to treat HIV infection

114
Q

Vaccines

A

Induce immunity or reduce pathologic effects of a disease.

Mastering Healthcare Terminology 2E (34 decks)

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