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Mastering Healthcare Terminology 2E > Gastrointestinal Pathology > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Dyspepsia

A

indigestion

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2
Q

Eructation

A

Belch / burp

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3
Q

halitosis

A

Bad smelling breath

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4
Q

Pyrosis

A

Heartburn

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5
Q

Singultus

A

Hiccup

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6
Q

Nausea

A

Sensation that accompanies urge to vomit

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7
Q

Regurgitation

A

Return of swallowed food to the mouth

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8
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

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9
Q

Hematemesis

A

Blood in vomit

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10
Q

Obstipation

A

Constipation

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11
Q

Diarrhea

A

watery, semi-solid stools

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12
Q

Flatus

A

Gas expelled from anus

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13
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bloody stools

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14
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A

Abnormal increase in activity of the intestines leading to diarrhea and flatus

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15
Q

Melena

A

Black, tarry stools caused by partially digested blood.

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16
Q

Cleft Palate

A

Failure of the palate to close during development

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17
Q

Esophageal Atresia

A

Esophagus that ends in a blind pouch lacking an opening to the stomach

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18
Q

Hirschsprung Disease

A

Congential megacolon. Absence of normal nervous function leading to lack of peristalsis and accumulation of matter in the colon

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19
Q

Pyloric Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the Pyloric sphincter that causes failure to pass partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum

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20
Q

Aphthous Stomatitis

A

Canker sore

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21
Q

Cheilitis

A

Inflammation of lips

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22
Q

Cheilosis

A

Abnormal condition of lips present in riboflavin deficiency

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23
Q

Dental Caries

A

Cavities

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24
Q

Dental Plaque

A

Film that coats the teeth and can lead to tooth decay

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25
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding

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26
Q

Herpetic stomatitis

A

Cold sore, fever blister

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27
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patches on lips and cheeks - associated with tobacco use, may be precancerous

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28
Q

Malocclusion

A

Condition in which the teeth do not touch properly when mouth is closed

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29
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Pathologic condition of tissues surrounding teeth

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30
Q

Pyorrhea

A

Purulent discharge from tissue surrounding teeth, often seen with gingivitus

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31
Q

Achalasia

A

Impairment of esophageal peristalsis and inability of lower esophageal sphincter to relax

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32
Q

Cardiospasm

A

Achalasia

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33
Q

Esophageal aperistalsis

A

Achalasia

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34
Q

Megaesophagus

A

Achalasia

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35
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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36
Q

Gastoesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Return of contents of the stomach to esophagus caused by inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to contract normally.

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37
Q

Barrett esophagus

A

Condition caused by chronic reflux from the stomach.

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38
Q

Gastralgia

A

Stomach pain

39
Q

Gastrodynia

A

Stomach pain

40
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach, can be accompanied by anorexia, nausea and vomiting, or indigestion.

41
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

A

Erosion of the mucosal lining of stomach.

42
Q

Gastic Ulcer

A

PUD

43
Q

Duodenal Ulcer

A

PUD

44
Q

Acute peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum. Most common when appendix ruptures

45
Q

Anal fissure

A

cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus

46
Q

Anorectal abscess

A

Circumscribed area of inflammation in the anus or rectum, containing pus

47
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

48
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of large intestine

49
Q

Crohn Disease

A

Inflammation of the ileum or colon, idiopathic origin

50
Q

Regional Enteritis

A

Crohn disease

51
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation secondary to the occurrence of diverticulosis

52
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Development of diverticula, pouches in the lining of the colon

53
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal channel from an internal organ to surface of body

54
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

Varicose vein in lower rectum or anus

55
Q

Ileus

A

Obstruction

56
Q

Paralytic Ileus

A

Lack of peristaltic movement in intestinal tract

57
Q

Adynamic Ileus

A

Lack of peristaltic movement in intestinal tract

58
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

Chronic inflammation of lining of intestines, characterized by bleeding and diarrhea

59
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of intestine inward on itself

60
Q

Polyp

A

Benign growth

61
Q

Proctitis

A

Inflammation of rectum and anus

62
Q

Rectitis

A

Inflammation of rectum

63
Q

Pruritus ani

A

Chronic itching of skin around anus

64
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of colon and rectum, manifests with bouts of profuse watery diarrhea

65
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of intestine

66
Q

Cholangitis

A

Inflammation of bile vessel

67
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of gall bladder

68
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

Presence of stones in common bile duct

69
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Presence of stones in the gall bladder, with pain in the URQ and N&V

70
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver, common with alcohol abuse

71
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver, caused by drugs, viruses and alcohol. Named by letter A-G. spread through blood, sex, contaminated food and water.

72
Q

jaundice

A

yellowing of skin and whites of eyes, due to elevated bilirubin.

73
Q

pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

74
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Protrusion of a loop of intestine into the femoral canal

75
Q

Crural Hernia

A

Femoral hernia

76
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm

77
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia

A

Protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm

78
Q

Diaphragmatocele

A

Protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm

79
Q

Incarcerated hernia

A

Loop of bowel with ends occluded so that solids cannot pass

80
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

loop of bowel into inguinal canal

81
Q

Strangulation

A

Constriction of a tube like structure

82
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

Protrusion of a loop of intestine and omentum through a weakness in the abdominal wall.

83
Q

Omphalocele

A

Protrusion of a loop of intestine and omentum through a weakness in the abdominal wall.

84
Q

Cystadenoma

A

Glandular tumor filled with cysts, most common in pancreas

85
Q

Hemangioma

A

Tumor of the blood vessel, most common type of benign tumor

86
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Smooth muscle tumor

87
Q

Odontogenic tumor

A

Benign tumor around the teeth and jaw

88
Q

Adenomatous

A

Arising from glandular tissue

89
Q

Hyperplastic

A

pertaining to excessive growth

90
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumor originating from glandular tissue

91
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor originating from liver cells

92
Q

Hepatoma

A

Malignant tumor origination from liver cells

93
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Cancers with a scalelike appearance

Mastering Healthcare Terminology 2E (34 decks)

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