Gastrointestinal Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
Dyspepsia
A
indigestion
2
Q
Eructation
A
Belch / burp
3
Q
halitosis
A
Bad smelling breath
4
Q
Pyrosis
A
Heartburn
5
Q
Singultus
A
Hiccup
6
Q
Nausea
A
Sensation that accompanies urge to vomit
7
Q
Regurgitation
A
Return of swallowed food to the mouth
8
Q
Emesis
A
Vomiting
9
Q
Hematemesis
A
Blood in vomit
10
Q
Obstipation
A
Constipation
11
Q
Diarrhea
A
watery, semi-solid stools
12
Q
Flatus
A
Gas expelled from anus
13
Q
Hematochezia
A
Bloody stools
14
Q
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A
Abnormal increase in activity of the intestines leading to diarrhea and flatus
15
Q
Melena
A
Black, tarry stools caused by partially digested blood.
16
Q
Cleft Palate
A
Failure of the palate to close during development
17
Q
Esophageal Atresia
A
Esophagus that ends in a blind pouch lacking an opening to the stomach
18
Q
Hirschsprung Disease
A
Congential megacolon. Absence of normal nervous function leading to lack of peristalsis and accumulation of matter in the colon
19
Q
Pyloric Stenosis
A
Narrowing of the Pyloric sphincter that causes failure to pass partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum
20
Q
Aphthous Stomatitis
A
Canker sore
21
Q
Cheilitis
A
Inflammation of lips
22
Q
Cheilosis
A
Abnormal condition of lips present in riboflavin deficiency
23
Q
Dental Caries
A
Cavities
24
Q
Dental Plaque
A
Film that coats the teeth and can lead to tooth decay
25
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding
26
Herpetic stomatitis
Cold sore, fever blister
27
Leukoplakia
White patches on lips and cheeks - associated with tobacco use, may be precancerous
28
Malocclusion
Condition in which the teeth do not touch properly when mouth is closed
29
Periodontal disease
Pathologic condition of tissues surrounding teeth
30
Pyorrhea
Purulent discharge from tissue surrounding teeth, often seen with gingivitus
31
Achalasia
Impairment of esophageal peristalsis and inability of lower esophageal sphincter to relax
32
Cardiospasm
Achalasia
33
Esophageal aperistalsis
Achalasia
34
Megaesophagus
Achalasia
35
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
36
Gastoesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Return of contents of the stomach to esophagus caused by inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to contract normally.
37
Barrett esophagus
Condition caused by chronic reflux from the stomach.
38
Gastralgia
Stomach pain
39
Gastrodynia
Stomach pain
40
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach, can be accompanied by anorexia, nausea and vomiting, or indigestion.
41
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Erosion of the mucosal lining of stomach.
42
Gastic Ulcer
PUD
43
Duodenal Ulcer
PUD
44
Acute peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum. Most common when appendix ruptures
45
Anal fissure
cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus
46
Anorectal abscess
Circumscribed area of inflammation in the anus or rectum, containing pus
47
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix
48
Colitis
Inflammation of large intestine
49
Crohn Disease
Inflammation of the ileum or colon, idiopathic origin
50
Regional Enteritis
Crohn disease
51
Diverticulitis
Inflammation secondary to the occurrence of diverticulosis
52
Diverticulosis
Development of diverticula, pouches in the lining of the colon
53
Fistula
Abnormal channel from an internal organ to surface of body
54
Hemorrhoid
Varicose vein in lower rectum or anus
55
Ileus
Obstruction
56
Paralytic Ileus
Lack of peristaltic movement in intestinal tract
57
Adynamic Ileus
Lack of peristaltic movement in intestinal tract
58
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Chronic inflammation of lining of intestines, characterized by bleeding and diarrhea
59
Intussusception
Telescoping of intestine inward on itself
60
Polyp
Benign growth
61
Proctitis
Inflammation of rectum and anus
62
Rectitis
Inflammation of rectum
63
Pruritus ani
Chronic itching of skin around anus
64
Ulcerative Colitis
Chronic inflammation of colon and rectum, manifests with bouts of profuse watery diarrhea
65
Volvulus
Twisting of intestine
66
Cholangitis
Inflammation of bile vessel
67
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gall bladder
68
Choledocholithiasis
Presence of stones in common bile duct
69
Cholelithiasis
Presence of stones in the gall bladder, with pain in the URQ and N&V
70
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver, common with alcohol abuse
71
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, caused by drugs, viruses and alcohol. Named by letter A-G. spread through blood, sex, contaminated food and water.
72
jaundice
yellowing of skin and whites of eyes, due to elevated bilirubin.
73
pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
74
Femoral hernia
Protrusion of a loop of intestine into the femoral canal
75
Crural Hernia
Femoral hernia
76
Hiatal Hernia
Protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
77
Diaphragmatic hernia
Protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
78
Diaphragmatocele
Protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
79
Incarcerated hernia
Loop of bowel with ends occluded so that solids cannot pass
80
Inguinal hernia
loop of bowel into inguinal canal
81
Strangulation
Constriction of a tube like structure
82
Umbilical hernia
Protrusion of a loop of intestine and omentum through a weakness in the abdominal wall.
83
Omphalocele
Protrusion of a loop of intestine and omentum through a weakness in the abdominal wall.
84
Cystadenoma
Glandular tumor filled with cysts, most common in pancreas
85
Hemangioma
Tumor of the blood vessel, most common type of benign tumor
86
Leiomyoma
Smooth muscle tumor
87
Odontogenic tumor
Benign tumor around the teeth and jaw
88
Adenomatous
Arising from glandular tissue
89
Hyperplastic
pertaining to excessive growth
90
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant tumor originating from glandular tissue
91
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Malignant tumor originating from liver cells
92
Hepatoma
Malignant tumor origination from liver cells
93
Squamous cell carcinoma
Cancers with a scalelike appearance
