Ch. 2 - Body Structure and Directional Terminology Flashcards by Cindy Brimmer

Antrum

Any nearly closed cavity or chamber

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Apex

Pointed extremity of a conical structure

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Body

The largest or most important part of an organ

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Fornix

Any vaultlike or arched body

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Fundus

the base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of an organ

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Hilum

Recess, exit, or entrance of a duct into a gland or of nerves and vessels into an organ

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Lumen

The space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube

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Sinus

A cavity or channel in bone, a dilated channel for blood, or a cavity to permit the escape or purulent material

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Vestibule

A small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal

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antr/o

antrum

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apic/o

apex

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hem/o

hemat/o

blood

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som/o

somat/o

body

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oste/o

osse/o

bone

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cyt/o

cell

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lys/o

dissolve

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epitheli/o

epithelium

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adip/o

fat

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fornic/o

fornix

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fund/o

fundus

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myocardi/o

heart muscle

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lumin/o

lumen

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my/o

muscle

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neur/o

nerve

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thel/o

nipple

kary/o | nucle/o

nucleus

organ/o | viscer/o

organ | viscera

rib/o

ribose

home/o

sameness

sin/o | sinus/o

sinus | cavity

rhabdomy/o

skeletal muscle

leiomy/o

smooth muscle

system/o

system

hist/o

tissue

bol/o

to cast

vestibul/o

vestibule

ana-

up | apart

cata-

down

dis-

apart from | not

dys-

bad difficult painful abnormal

endo-

within

epi-

above

mal-

bad | ill

meta-

change | beyond

para-

near | beside

-ia

condition

-ism

condition

-ium

structure

-plasm

formation

-stasis

controlling

-um

structure

-us

noun ending

cyst/o | vesic/o

bladder

hem/o | hemat/o

blood

osse/o oste/o oss/i

bone

myel/o

bone marrow | spinal cord

pil/o | trich/o

hair

ile/o

ileum

arthr/o | articul/o

joint

neph/o | ren/o

kidney

my/o myos/o muscul/o

muscle

onych/o | ungu/o

nail

oophor/o | ovari/o

ovary

cutane/o derm/o dermat/o

skin

enter/o

small intestine

gastr/o

stomach

test/o | orchid/o

testis

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

anter/o

anterior | Front of body

poster/o

Posterior | Back of body

Ventr/o

Ventral | Front of body

dors/o

Dorsal | Back of body

super/o

Superior | Toward the head

cephal/o

Cephalad | toward the head

infer/o

Inferior | Down, toward the tail

Caud/o

Caudad | Down, toward the tail

Medi/o

Medial | Toward the midline

Later/o

Lateral | Toward the side

Ipsi-

Ipsilateral | On the same side

Uni-

Unilateral | On one side

Superficial

Toward the surface

Proxim/o

Proximal | Nearer to point of attachment

Contra-

Contralateral | On the opposite side

bi-

bilateral | On two sides

deep

away from the surface

Dist/o

Distal | Farther from point of attachment

Supine

Lying on the back

Prone

Lying on the stomach

Supinate

Turn palm upward

Palmar

Pertaining to palm of hand

Dextr/o

Dextrad | To the right

Afferent

Toward an organ

Pronate

Turn palm downward

Plantar

Pertaining to sole of foot

Sinistr/o | levo-

Sinistrad | To the left

Efferent

Away from an organ

abdomin/o

abdomen

celi/o

abdomen

lapar/o

abdomen

Crani/o

cranium | skull

diaphragm/o

diaphragm

diaphragmat/o

diaphragm

phren/o

diaphragm

dors/o

dorsal

mediastin/o

mediastinum

pelv/i

pelvis

peritone/o

peritoneum

pleur/o

pleura

spin/o

spine

stern/o

sternum

thorac/o

thorax

ventr/o

ventral

vertebr/o

vertebra

Midsagittal Plane

Cuts the body into left and right sides

Frontal Plane

Cuts body into anterior and posterior sections

Transverse Plane

Cuts body into Cephalad and Caudad sections