Pharmacology

Question 1

Definition of antagonist

Answer 1

Produce effects by preventing activation of receptors by agonists

Question 2

What is a receptor

Answer 2

A molecule structure within or on the outer surface of cells to which substances bind

Question 3

Pharmacogenetics is

Answer 3

The study of how genetics affect an individual’s response to a drug

Question 4

What is absorption?

Answer 4

The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the blood stream

Question 5

What is distribution?

Answer 5

Transport of the drug in the body via bloodstream to the site of action

Question 6

What is metabolism?

Answer 6

The biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite

Question 7

What is the main organ that metabolizes drugs?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

What is excretion?

Answer 8

Process by which drugs are eliminated

Question 9

What organ is responsible mainly for excretion?

Answer 9

Kidney

Question 10

What is an example of an ARO?

Answer 10

MRSA

Question 11

Definition of agonist

Answer 11

Molecules that activate receptors

Question 12

What is the class, MOA, and pre and post assessments that should be done when administering acetaminophen?

Answer 12

Class: non-opioid analgesic, anti-pyretic
MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
NA: LOTARP & VS before and 60 min after

Question 13

Class, MOA, and nursing assessments of ASA?

Answer 13

Class: non-opioid analgesic, anti-pyretic
MOA: inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
NA: LOTARP & VS before and after administration

Question 14

Class, MOA, NA of codeine

Answer 14

Class: antitussive, opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: VS (BP, RR, pulse), LOTARP before and after, assess bowel function (may cause constipation)

Question 15

Class, MOA, NA of fentanyl

Answer 15

Class: opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: RR, BP, LOTARP before and after

Question 16

HYDROmorphone class, MOA, and NA

Answer 16

Class: opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: BP, pulse, RR, LOTARP before and after, bowel fx

Question 17

Morphine

Answer 17

Opioid analgesic, bonds to opiate receptor in CNS, LOTARP, BP, RR, pulse, bowel fx

Question 18

Morphine extended release

Answer 18

Same as morphine, just used for longer duration between doses

Question 19

Naloxone

Answer 19

Opiate antidote, blocks effects of opioids including CNS and respiratory depression, monitor RR (depth, rate, rhythm), BP, pulse, LOC, ECG

Question 20

What are lifespan considerations of medication administration to a paediatric patient?

Answer 20

Medications calculated by weight, age, immature organ development

Question 21

Lifespan consideration for medication administration for elderly

Answer 21

Polypharmacy, increased fat deposit (toxicity), declining organ fx

Question 22

Pregnancy category A?

Answer 22

No increased risk shown of fetal abnormalities

Question 23

Pregnancy category B?

Answer 23

No harm in animal no studies in pregnant women OR adverse effect in animals, no harmful effect in fetus

Question 24

Pregnancy category C

Answer 24

Adverse affect on animal no affect on fetus OR no animal studies conducted/fetus studies

Question 25

Pregnancy category D

Answer 25

Risk to fetus, benefits may outweigh risks.

Question 26

Pregnancy category X

Answer 26

Positive fetal abnormalities

Question 27

What is the definition of a median effective dose?

Answer 27

Dose produces desired effect in 50% of population

Question 28

What is the definition of median lethal dose?

Answer 28

Dose that will kill 50% of the population

Question 29

What is the definition of medical toxic dose?

Answer 29

Dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of the population

Question 30

What is the first Passover effect?

Answer 30

Drug concentration decreases due to metabolization in liver first

Question 31

What is the significance of liver fx tests?

Answer 31

Indication of any hepatic damage, acute injury

Question 32

What do ALT and AST enzymes indicate?

Answer 32

Hepatocyte injury, liver dysfunction

Question 33

Potency is?

Answer 33

The amount of drug required to produce an effect

Question 34

Efficacy is?

Answer 34

Producing a desired effect

Question 35

Resistance is?

Answer 35

Reduction in the effectiveness of a drug

Question 36

Onset is?

Answer 36

The time it takes for the drug to create a response

Question 37

Peak is?

Answer 37

The time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum response

Question 38

Duration is?

Answer 38

The length of time that the drug concentration is sufficient to create a response t

Question 39

What is a graded dose response?

Answer 39

When you increase the dose, the response increases as well

Question 40

What is the significance of liver fx tests?

Answer 40

To show whether there is any damage to the liver or not, increased levels of ALT and AST will be seen if there are damaged hepatocytes

Question 41

What is an equianalgesic chart?

Answer 41

A conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics

Question 42

Acetaminophen

Answer 42

Non opioid analgesic, anti pyretic Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis LOTARP, VS

Question 43

What are some types of NDAID drugs?

Answer 43

ASA Ibuprofen Naproxen