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232 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of antagonist

A

Produce effects by preventing activation of receptors by agonists

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2
Q

What is a receptor

A

A molecule structure within or on the outer surface of cells to which substances bind

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3
Q

Pharmacogenetics is

A

The study of how genetics affect an individual’s response to a drug

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4
Q

What is absorption?

A

The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the blood stream

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5
Q

What is distribution?

A

Transport of the drug in the body via bloodstream to the site of action

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6
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite

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7
Q

What is the main organ that metabolizes drugs?

A

Liver

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8
Q

What is excretion?

A

Process by which drugs are eliminated

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9
Q

What organ is responsible mainly for excretion?

A

Kidney

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10
Q

What is an example of an ARO?

A

MRSA

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11
Q

Definition of agonist

A

Molecules that activate receptors

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12
Q

What is the class, MOA, and pre and post assessments that should be done when administering acetaminophen?

A

Class: non-opioid analgesic, anti-pyretic
MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
NA: LOTARP & VS before and 60 min after

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13
Q

Class, MOA, and nursing assessments of ASA?

A

Class: non-opioid analgesic, anti-pyretic
MOA: inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
NA: LOTARP & VS before and after administration

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14
Q

Class, MOA, NA of codeine

A

Class: antitussive, opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: VS (BP, RR, pulse), LOTARP before and after, assess bowel function (may cause constipation)

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15
Q

Class, MOA, NA of fentanyl

A

Class: opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: RR, BP, LOTARP before and after

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16
Q

HYDROmorphone class, MOA, and NA

A

Class: opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: BP, pulse, RR, LOTARP before and after, bowel fx

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17
Q

Morphine

A

Opioid analgesic, bonds to opiate receptor in CNS, LOTARP, BP, RR, pulse, bowel fx

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18
Q

Morphine extended release

A

Same as morphine, just used for longer duration between doses

19
Q

Naloxone

A

Opiate antidote, blocks effects of opioids including CNS and respiratory depression, monitor RR (depth, rate, rhythm), BP, pulse, LOC, ECG

20
Q

What are lifespan considerations of medication administration to a paediatric patient?

A

Medications calculated by weight, age, immature organ development

21
Q

Lifespan consideration for medication administration for elderly

A

Polypharmacy, increased fat deposit (toxicity), declining organ fx

22
Q

Pregnancy category A?

A

No increased risk shown of fetal abnormalities

23
Q

Pregnancy category B?

A

No harm in animal no studies in pregnant women OR adverse effect in animals, no harmful effect in fetus

24
Q

Pregnancy category C

A

Adverse affect on animal no affect on fetus OR no animal studies conducted/fetus studies

25
Q

Pregnancy category D

A

Risk to fetus, benefits may outweigh risks.

26
Q

Pregnancy category X

A

Positive fetal abnormalities

27
Q

What is the definition of a median effective dose?

A

Dose produces desired effect in 50% of population

28
Q

What is the definition of median lethal dose?

A

Dose that will kill 50% of the population

29
Q

What is the definition of medical toxic dose?

A

Dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of the population

30
Q

What is the first Passover effect?

A

Drug concentration decreases due to metabolization in liver first

31
Q

What is the significance of liver fx tests?

A

Indication of any hepatic damage, acute injury

32
Q

What do ALT and AST enzymes indicate?

A

Hepatocyte injury, liver dysfunction

33
Q

Potency is?

A

The amount of drug required to produce an effect

34
Q

Efficacy is?

A

Producing a desired effect

35
Q

Resistance is?

A

Reduction in the effectiveness of a drug

36
Q

Onset is?

A

The time it takes for the drug to create a response

37
Q

Peak is?

A

The time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum response

38
Q

Duration is?

A

The length of time that the drug concentration is sufficient to create a response t

39
Q

What is a graded dose response?

A

When you increase the dose, the response increases as well

40
Q

What is the significance of liver fx tests?

A

To show whether there is any damage to the liver or not, increased levels of ALT and AST will be seen if there are damaged hepatocytes

41
Q

What is an equianalgesic chart?

A

A conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics

42
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Non opioid analgesic, anti pyretic
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
LOTARP, VS

43
Q

What are some types of NDAID drugs?

A

ASA
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

232 (16 decks)

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