Pharmacology Flashcards
Definition of antagonist
Produce effects by preventing activation of receptors by agonists
What is a receptor
A molecule structure within or on the outer surface of cells to which substances bind
Pharmacogenetics is
The study of how genetics affect an individual’s response to a drug
What is absorption?
The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the blood stream
What is distribution?
Transport of the drug in the body via bloodstream to the site of action
What is metabolism?
The biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite
What is the main organ that metabolizes drugs?
Liver
What is excretion?
Process by which drugs are eliminated
What organ is responsible mainly for excretion?
Kidney
What is an example of an ARO?
MRSA
Definition of agonist
Molecules that activate receptors
What is the class, MOA, and pre and post assessments that should be done when administering acetaminophen?
Class: non-opioid analgesic, anti-pyretic
MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
NA: LOTARP & VS before and 60 min after
Class, MOA, and nursing assessments of ASA?
Class: non-opioid analgesic, anti-pyretic
MOA: inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
NA: LOTARP & VS before and after administration
Class, MOA, NA of codeine
Class: antitussive, opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: VS (BP, RR, pulse), LOTARP before and after, assess bowel function (may cause constipation)
Class, MOA, NA of fentanyl
Class: opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: RR, BP, LOTARP before and after
HYDROmorphone class, MOA, and NA
Class: opioid analgesic
MOA: bind to opiate receptor in CNS
NA: BP, pulse, RR, LOTARP before and after, bowel fx
Morphine
Opioid analgesic, bonds to opiate receptor in CNS, LOTARP, BP, RR, pulse, bowel fx
Morphine extended release
Same as morphine, just used for longer duration between doses
Naloxone
Opiate antidote, blocks effects of opioids including CNS and respiratory depression, monitor RR (depth, rate, rhythm), BP, pulse, LOC, ECG
What are lifespan considerations of medication administration to a paediatric patient?
Medications calculated by weight, age, immature organ development
Lifespan consideration for medication administration for elderly
Polypharmacy, increased fat deposit (toxicity), declining organ fx
Pregnancy category A?
No increased risk shown of fetal abnormalities
Pregnancy category B?
No harm in animal no studies in pregnant women OR adverse effect in animals, no harmful effect in fetus
Pregnancy category C
Adverse affect on animal no affect on fetus OR no animal studies conducted/fetus studies
Pregnancy category D
Risk to fetus, benefits may outweigh risks.
Pregnancy category X
Positive fetal abnormalities
What is the definition of a median effective dose?
Dose produces desired effect in 50% of population
What is the definition of median lethal dose?
Dose that will kill 50% of the population
What is the definition of medical toxic dose?
Dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of the population
What is the first Passover effect?
Drug concentration decreases due to metabolization in liver first
What is the significance of liver fx tests?
Indication of any hepatic damage, acute injury
What do ALT and AST enzymes indicate?
Hepatocyte injury, liver dysfunction
Potency is?
The amount of drug required to produce an effect
Efficacy is?
Producing a desired effect
Resistance is?
Reduction in the effectiveness of a drug
Onset is?
The time it takes for the drug to create a response
Peak is?
The time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum response
Duration is?
The length of time that the drug concentration is sufficient to create a response t
What is a graded dose response?
When you increase the dose, the response increases as well
What is the significance of liver fx tests?
To show whether there is any damage to the liver or not, increased levels of ALT and AST will be seen if there are damaged hepatocytes
What is an equianalgesic chart?
A conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics
Acetaminophen
Non opioid analgesic, anti pyretic
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
LOTARP, VS
What are some types of NDAID drugs?
ASA
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
