Diabetes Flashcards
What is an example of a sulfonylurea? What do these oral hypoglycaemics do?
Gluburide.
Stimulate beta cells to secrete insulin
What are patient education points about DM? (6)
BBGM give own insulin Identify hypoglycaemia Treatment of hypoG Supports Follow protocol
How can gestational diabetes be prevented?(5)
Eat healthy foods Lost extra weight before pregnancy Exercise before & during pregnancy Regular check ups Glycemic control for DM mothers
How is GDM diagnosed?
Plasma glucose test, testing for glucose tolerance
What are interventions for GDM?(4)
Self monitor glucose
Monitor dietary intake to avoide ketone in urine
Nutrition therapy w dietician
Activity
What are 4 complications that can arise from GDM for the mother?
Retinopathy
HTN (pre-eclampsia)
Chronic kidney disease
Cardiovascular disease
What are complications that can arise from GDM in the fetus?
Multiple fetus malformations
Macrosomia and metabolic complications
What is the fetus at risk for up until 18 h post birth if the mother has DM?
Hypoglycaemia
If the mothers glycemic targets can’t be attained within 2 weeks of nutrition alone what are the next steps? (4)
Insulin
Insulin infusion while in labour
Continuously monitor for hypoglycaemia
Monitor baby’s growth via ultrasound
What are 3 key points for children with type 1 DM?
Confirm the diagnosis immediately
Manage/avoid pediatric DKA (inc risk for cerebral edema)
Educate the child about their disease
What are 4 key points for children with type 2 DM?
Prevent obesity
Regular target screening for child at risk for type 2
Interdisciplinary approach to care
Glycemic control
What are 3 points for elderly with DM?
Diabetes in elderly is metabolically distinct
Sulfonylurea use with extreme caution (get hypoG easier)
Premixed insulins avoid less room for error
What is an example of a biguanide? How do these oral hypoglycaemics work?
Metformin.
Decrease hepatic glucose output, decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, increase binding of insulin to target cells.
