Hypertension Flashcards
B Blockers: name, mechanism of action, pre and post nursing assessments.
Propranolol, metoprolol
Prevents binding of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Decreasing heart beat, force of contraction and BP
Monitor BP and apical pulse
ARB: name, mechanism of action and pre and post assessments
Irbesartan
Blocks action of angiotensin ll and dilates blood vessels decreasing BP
Monitor BP
ACE inhibitors: name, mechanism of action, pre and post assessments
Ramipril, enalipril
Dilation of blood vessels decreasing BP and workload on heart
Monitor BP
Calcium channel blockers (negative inotrope): name, mechanism of action, pre and post nursing assessments?
Norvasc & Diltazem
Block entry of calcium into cells causing vasodilation, decreased force of contraction and decreased heart rate.
Monitor HR and BP before and after
Anticoagulants: names, mechanism of action, pre and post nursing assessment
LMWH, heparin
Prolong clotting time to prevent a thrombus from getting larger and a new one from forming
Monitor bruising, bleeding anywhere
Anti platelets: name, mechanism of action, pre and post assessments
Plavix, Asa
What is another name for primary hypertension?
Essential
What is the cause of primary hypertension?
Idiopathic
What is white coat HTN?
Inc BP only in a clinical setting
What are modifiable risk factors for HTN? (6)
Stress Obesity Diet Substance abuse Contraceptive Activity level
What are non-modifiable risk factors for HTN?
Age
She
Family history
Ethnicity
What diagnostics are necessary for someone with HTN?
Their BP and HR
Lipid profile
What types of pharmacology is used for HTN?
Diuretics B blockers Ace inhibitors ARB Calcium channel blockers
What is the 3 step approach to treatment for HTN?
- lifestyle modifications
- Pharmacology
- Add another anti-hypertensive
What does a high sensitivity Troponin tell us? What is something negative about this test?
Tells us if there is heart damage much sooner than the original Troponin test. Can come back positive if individual has unstable angina
What is an ECG?
Looks at the electrical activity of the heart. Able to determine if there is any injury related to ischemia and infarction.
What is an echo?
It looks at the structural function of the heart. Able to visualize blood flow through and valves.
What is an angiogram?
A catheter that is threaded into a main artery and dye is inserted to visualize any necessary arteries
What is a cardiac stress test?
Determines heart function under stress. If there are any occluded arteries they will not be able to meet hearts oxygen demand and will result in symptoms (CP, SOB, fatigue, dec BP)
What is ejection fraction?
Percentage of blood that is pumped out of a filled ventricle with each heart beat.
How can ejection fraction be measured?
Echo
Ct
Mri
Angiogram
What are early indicators of pregnancy induced hypertension?
HTN
Proteinuria
Edema
