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232 > Diagnostics > Flashcards

Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

What does a WBC differential tell you more about?

A

Inflammation and infection

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2
Q

In what instances would you want to know someone’s RBC count, Hb, and HCT?

A

Dehydration, anemia, hemorrhagic conditions

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3
Q

If someone was receiving dalteparin as prophylaxis of DVT which labs would you want to look at?

A

Platelets

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4
Q

What do neutrophils tell us?

A

Whether or not a bacterial infection is present

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5
Q

What do lymphocytes tell us?

A

Whether or not a viral infection is present

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6
Q

When would levels of basophils be increased or decreased in the blood?

A

Increased in leukaemia and decrease in allergic reactions

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7
Q

When would eosinophils be increased in the blood?

A

In allergic disorders or parasitic infections

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8
Q

When would monocyte levels be increased in the blood?

A

Severe infection signalling phagocytosis

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9
Q

What is another name for a band cell?

A

Neutrophil

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10
Q

What is the lifespan of RBCs

A

120 days

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11
Q

What does a decrease in HCT signify?

A

Possible decrease in RBC production or hemorrhage

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12
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Increased RBC levels

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13
Q

When is polycythemia seen?

A

Dehydration, high altitude, COPD, and bone marrow disease

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14
Q

When is anemia seen?

A

Leukaemia, chronic inflammation, acute or chronic blood loss and inadequate RBC production

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15
Q

What are platelets essential for?

A

Clot formation and hemostasis

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16
Q

When would you monitor someone’s PTT?

A

When someone is on heparin

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17
Q

When would you monitor someone’s PT INR?

A

When on warfarin

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18
Q

When are increased levels of sodium seen?

A

Dehydration, excessive sweating, GI losses

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19
Q

When are decreased levels of sodium seen?

A

Congestive heart failure, Addison’s disease

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20
Q

When are increased levels of potassium seen?

A

Kidney failure

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21
Q

When are decreased potassium levels seen?

A

Diuretic use that do not spare potassium

22
Q

When would Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels be increased?

A

Kidney failure, liver failure, and dehydration

23
Q

When would creatinine be increased?

A

Kidney failure

24
Q

What two types of diagnostics are there?

A

Laboratory tests and radiography

25
Q

What is informed consent?

A

When the individual is fully aware of all aspects regarding a procedure

26
Q

What three elements are necessary for informed consent?

A

Disclosure, capacity and voluntariness

27
Q

What is sodium responsible for?

A

Acid-base balance, chemical reactions, transmembrane potential

28
Q

Why is potassium important?

A

Transmembrane potential, acid-base balance, intracellular enzyme reactions

29
Q

What affects GFR?

A

Age, gender, creatinine, weight

30
Q

What does the BUN test for?

A

Kidney function

31
Q

What do creatinine levels tell us?

A

Kidney function

32
Q

What does the fecal occult blood test for?

A

Testing for blood because of benign or malignant growths, hemorrhoids, GI bleed etc

33
Q

How does an XRay work?

A

Use electrons to illuminate dense areas

34
Q

How does an ultrasound work?

A

Uses high frequency sound waves to get a real time image

35
Q

How does a CT scan work?

A

Uses ionizing X-rays and contrast agents to highlight tissues, organs and blood vessels

36
Q

What does routine &; microscopic urinalysis look at?

A

Protein, glucose, pH, specific gravity, bacteria

37
Q

What is the significance of a culture & sensitivity?

A

Tells us what type of bacteria is growing and what antibiotic it is sensitive to

38
Q

What do procalcitonin levels tell us?

A

It is a marker for infection and it can determine how severe the infection is

39
Q

What is the significance of CRP?

A

It is a marker for inflammation, increased levels mean more severe inflammation

40
Q

What is the “triad”?

A

HCT
Hgb
RBC

41
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

Increased WBC

42
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Decreased WBC

43
Q

What is a shift to the left?

A

A high amount of young, immature WBCs commonly means there is infection/inflm and the bone marrow is making more WBC and releasing the before they are fully mature

44
Q

When is the triad useful?

A

Only if hydration is normal

45
Q

What does anemia look like?

A

Fatigue, pale, SOB, dizzy

46
Q

What does the PTT tell us?

A

Actual or potential bleeding and response to anticoagulant therapy

47
Q

What is the therapeutic range for heparin?

A

2x the normal

48
Q

What is the therapeutic range for warfarin?

A

2.5x the normal

49
Q

If your patient had nausea, vomiting and diarrhea for five days which labs would you assess?

A

Electrolytes (Na, K)
CBC & differential
Stool culture

50
Q

If your patient was on diuretic therapy what lab values would you assess?

A

Renal fx tests (BUN, creatinine)

Electrolytes (Na, K)

51
Q

If your patient had a post surgical bleed from his abdominal incision what labs would you assess?

A

Hgb
HCT
RBC

52
Q

If your patient has a respiratory infection which lab values would you assess?

A

Sputum culture

WBC and differential

232 (16 decks)

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