Pharmacology Flashcards
First generation antipsychotics are dopamine what:
agonist
partial agonist
inverse agonist
antagonists
dopamine antagonists (block dopamine receptors)
First generation antipsychotics are more helpful for relieving what kind of schizophrenia sxs? Positive or negative
Positive sxs
delusions, hallucinations
What are some anticholinergic side effects?
dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, confusion, urinary retention, tachychardia, impaired attention and concentration
What 3 kinds of side effects exist for first generation antipsychotics
anticholinergic effects
extrapyramidal effects
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
What are some of the extrapyramidal side effects?
Parkinsonism (resting tremor), dystonia (involuntary muscle spasms in head and neck) akathisia (restlessness and pacing), tardive dyskinesia (involuntary repetitive movements of tongue, face, and jaw)
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome sxs include?
Potentially life threatening
Autonomic dysfunction
Muscle rigidity
hyperthermia
altered mental state
Should stop meds at first sign of these sxs
Clozapine (Clozaril), Risperidone (Risperdal), and Olanzapine (Zyprexa) are what kind of drugs
Second Generation Antipsychotics
Second generation antipsychotics are antagonists for what
Dopamine and Serotonin
Effective for treating positive sxs of schizophrenia and some may be effective for negative sxs
Chlopromazine (Thorazine), Haloperidol (Haldol), Thioidazine (Mellaril), and Fluphenazine (Prolixin) are what kinds of drugs
First generation antipsychotics
What second generation antipsychotic can be used when first generation antipsychotics have been ineffective
Clozapine (clozaril)
Second generation antipsychotics are less likely to cause what kind of side effects than first generation antipsychotics
extrapyramidal side effects
Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), Fluvoxamine (luvox), Paroxetine (Paxil), Sertraline (Zoloft), and Citalopram (Celexa) are what kinds of drugs?
SSRIs
SSRIs treat several disorders besides depression. These include:
Premature ejaculation
PMDD
OCD
Panic Disorder
GAD
PTSD
Bulimia
SSRI’s do what to serotonin
Block it’s re-uptake (indirect agonists)
Venlafaxine (effexor), Duloxetine (Cymbalta), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) what kind of drugs are these
SNRIs (block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine)
What drugs are used to treat atypical depression
MAOIs
What are sxs of atypical depression
hypersomnia, increased appetite, mood reactivity, rejection sensitivity,
Which 2 antidepressant drugs should not be mixed or they cause serotonin syndrome which is life threatening
SSRIs and MAOI
MAOI increase what 3 neurotransmitters
serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine
Lithium and anticonvulsants are what type of drugs? What dx do they treat?
mood stabilizers ; Bipolar disorder
carbamezepine (tegretol) and Valproic Acid (Depakene)
The first line treatment of mania and bipolar disorder
Lithium
What are side effects of lithium
nausea, vomiting, a metallic taste, weight gain, hand tremor, impaired memory and concentration
These kinds of antidepressant drugs treat neuropathic pain, depression, ocd, and anxiety
tricyclic antidepressants
TCA (tricyclic antidepressants) exert their effects by inhibiting the reuptake of what neurotransmitters at pre synaptic cells
norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
What kind of antidepressants are cardiotoxic and lethal in overdose and should be prescribed with caution for those with suicidality and heart disease
Tricyclic antidepressants
When ______ antidepressant drugs are paired with other drugs like antihistamines and foods that contain tyramine (aged cheese and meat, beer, yogurt, ripe bananas) can cause a hypertensive crisis
MAOIs
Which antidepressant drug SSRIs or TCAs are more likely to produce sexual dysfunction
SSRIs
Which antidepressant SSRI or TCA are more likely to produce anticholinergic effect and serious cardiovascular effects
TCAs
