Pharmacology Flashcards
Causes of Digoxin toxicity
‘Low Potassium Can Hurt’
Low
- HypoK, HypoMg, Hypoalbumin, Hypothermia/thyroidism
Potassium
- Drugs which lower potassium eg. thiazides / loop diuretics
CAN
- hyperCa, high Acid (acidosis), hyperNa
Hurt/heart
- Common heart drugs eg. Amiodarone, diltiazem, verapmail, spirinolactone
Digoxin toxicity can cause what unusual symptoms
yellow green vision
gynaecomastia
what drug can cause corneal opacities and optic neuritis
amiodarone
What antibiotic can cause long QT
macrolides (clary)
What drug can cause blue tinge to vision
sildenafil
contraindications to sildenafil
nitrates and nicorandil
recent stroke
what is sildenafil used for in neonates
pulm htn
When do you give cyclical vs continuous combined HRT
cyclical combined HRT if their LMP was less than 1 year ago
continuous combined HRT if they have:
-taken cyclical combined for at least 1 year
or
-it has been at least 1 year since their LMP/2 years if they had premature menopause
Cocaine treatment
benzos
2 side effects of tamoxifen
menstrual disturbance
hot flushes
benzo OD rx
flumazenil
methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning rx
ethanol or fomepizole
Salicylate OD rx
urinary alkalinization with IV bicarbonate
haemodialysis
TCA OD rx
IV bicarb to correct acidosis
Lithium OD rx
IVI
haemodialysis
Heparin toxicity rx
Protamine sulphate
Beta blocker toxicity rx
atropine if brady
glucagon
Organophosphate insecticides poisoning
atropine
Iron toxicity rx
Desferrioxamine
Lead poisoning rx
Dimercaprol
Calcium edetate
Carbon monoxide poisoning rx
100% O2
Hyperbaric O2
Cyanide posioning rx
Hydroxocobalamin
Also combination of amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate
Valproate bloods monitoring
LFT, FBC before treatment
LFT ‘periodically’ during first 6 months
Glitazones blood monitoring
LFTs
Azathioprine blood monitoring
FBC, LFT
MTX blood monitoring
FBC, LFT, U&E
Amiodarone blood monitoring
TFT, LFT
What needs to be checked before starting TB treatment
LFTs
side effects of amlodipine
headache, flushing, ankle oedema
Which TB drug is associated with optic neuropathy
ethambutol
TB drugs side effects
R - Rifampacin - ‘R’ed/Organge Urine
I - Isoniazid - ‘I’nhibits liver, ‘(p)Ins’ and needles
P - Pyrazinamide - ‘P’ainful joints + muscles
E - Ethambutol - ‘E’yes
When is flumazenil contraindicated in benzo overdose?
Chronic benzo users as it can precipitate withdrawal seizures- supportive management
when should NAC be given regardless of treatment line?
Staggered overdose
If they present 8-24 hours later and have ingested more than 150 mg/kg
Presenting >24 hours if they are clearly jaundiced or have hepatic tenderness, their ALT is above the upper limit of normal
What NSAID is now contraindicated with any form of cardiovascular disease
diclofenac
tinnitus can be a symptom of what overdose
aspirin
What foetal issue can lithium cause
cardiac foetal abnormalities - Ebstein’s anomaly
Drugs that cause gynaecomastia
‘Some Hormones Really Do Create Funny Knockers’
S - spironolactone
H - hormones (e.g. GnRH analgoues)
R- ranitidine
D - digoxin
C - cimetidine
F - finasteride
K - ketoconazole
ECG finding of TCA overdose
Sinus tachy, broad QRS, dominant R wave in aVR
Drug that can’t give at same time as levothyroxine
Ferrous sulphate
Ca carbonate
serious side effect of carbimazole
agranulocytosis
Drugs c/i in breastfeeding
B- bromocryptine, benzodiazepine
R- Radioactive drugs, rizatriptan
E- ergotamine
A- ACEi/ARB, aspirin, amiodaron, alcohol,
S- sulphonamide, sulphonylurea, statin
T- thiazide, tetracycline,( iso)tretinoin
example of sulphonamide abx
co-trimoxazole
