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MSRA > Ophthal > Flashcards

Ophthal Flashcards

1
Q

Scleritis associated with which systemic disease

A

RA

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2
Q

Painless sudden onset blidness suggests

A

a vascular cause

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3
Q

difference between stye and chalazion and blepharitis

A

stye is external eyelid gland infection (hordeolum externum is a type of stye)

chalazion is a meibomian gland cyst which is internal eyelid glands

Blepharitis is chronic inflammation of the lid margins and chronic colonisation by staph aureus due to abnormally thick secretions. Associated with acne

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4
Q

Diabetic retinopathy signs on retina

A

microaneurysms
haemorrhages
hard exudates
cotton wool spots
neovascularisation

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5
Q

2 types of diabetic retinopathy

A

proliferative and non

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6
Q

Other diabetic eye complication

A

macular oedema

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7
Q

Rx diabetic eye disease

A

Laser
Anti VEGF
Corticosteroids
Vitrectomy if severe haemorrhage

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8
Q

HTN retina signs

A

AV nipping
Cotton wool spots
Flame haemorrhages

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9
Q

Red eye with
Serous discharge
Recent URTI
Preauricular lymph nodes

A

Viral conjunctivitis

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10
Q

Dendritic lesion on cornea

A

HSV

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11
Q

Acute painful red eye
Fixed dilated pupil
Reduced visual acuity
Haloes around light

A

Acute angle closure

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12
Q

Acute angle closure Rx

A

acetazolamide
timolol
steroids
pilocarpine

Definitive: Laser peripheral iridotomy

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13
Q

Severe acute onset pain in a red eye with irregular pupil shape
reduced visual acuity
photophobia
pain on focusing
hypopyon
history of UC

A

Uveitis

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14
Q

uveitis pain relief

A

dilating eye drops eg atropine or cyclopentolate

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15
Q

one area of redness in eye, uncomfortable but not too painful

A

episcleritis

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16
Q

diffuse redness in eye, pain radiating to forehead, worsening vision, watery

A

scleritis

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17
Q

Scleritis rx

A

high dose systemic steroids

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18
Q

sudden onset flashes and floaters without visual loss

A

PVD

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19
Q

central retinal artery occlusion mx

A

Lower IO pressure

Acetazolomide
Ocular massage
Vasodilator therapy such as sublignual isosorbide dinitrate

Intra-arterial thrombolysis: typically urokinase is administered via direct ophthalamic artery catheterisation

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20
Q

Which type of ARMD is worse

A

wet

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21
Q

dry ARMD can lead to

A

wet

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22
Q

Mx ARMD

A

if wet- VEGF

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23
Q

poor night vision, constricted visua fields, early onset cataracts

A

retinitis pigmentosa

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24
Q

Blocked nasolacrimal duct in baby mx

A

should resolve spont by 1 yr if not sugery

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25
Q

90% eyelid malignancies are

26
Q

sjogrens surgical mx option

A

occlude the puncta

27
Q

Grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy shows how on retina

A

general arteriolar narrowing

28
Q

Grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy shows how on retina

A

focal narrowing, AV nipping

29
Q

Grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy shows how on retina

A

haemorrhage
exudate
Cotton wool spots
(like diabetic)

30
Q

Grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy shows how on retina

A

Same as 3 with optic disc swelling

31
Q

Cup to disc ratio of >0.2 suggests

32
Q

optic nerve swelling causes

A

Raised ICP
Optic neuritis
Malignant HTN
Uveitis

33
Q

Cherry red spot on retina

34
Q

tortuous and engorged veins, haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and disc swelling on retina

in the context of acute visual loss

35
Q

ARMD findings on retina dry vs wet

A

dry- drusen

wet- neovascularisation, haemorrhage, macular oedema

36
Q

amaurosis fugax rx

A

300mg aspirin as it is a form of TIA

37
Q

blurred vision, pain, swollen lid and hypopyon post eye surgery

A

endophthalmitis

38
Q

shingles on tip of nose mx

A

Hutchinson’s sign- could lead to ocular involvement (HZ ophthalmicus) - po antivirals and topical corticosteroids

39
Q

1st line open angle glaucoma

A

prostaglandin (-prost)

40
Q

RAPD causes

A

optic neuritis or retinal detachment

41
Q

all isolated nerve palsies mx

A

same day ophthal assessment

42
Q

third nerve palsy involving pupil is what

A

IC aneurysm until proven otherwise

43
Q

Acute Horner’s syndrome (particularly associated with neck pain) is what

A

carotid artery dissection until proven otherwise

44
Q

Child presenting with squint mx

A

any child under the age of 4 years with suspected squint should be referred to an ophthalmologist immediately.

45
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis rx in pregnancy

A

fuscidic acid drops

46
Q

Management of HSV ulcer

A

immediate referral to an ophthalmologist

topical aciclovir

47
Q

What is an Argyll-Robertson pupil

A

Pupils not reactive to light, but do constrict on accomodation

Highly sensitive for neurosyphilis

Also in diabetes

(syphilis- prostitute- ‘accomodate but doesn’t react’)

48
Q

Normal IOP

A

between 11 and 21 mmHg

49
Q

What is a Holmes Adie pupil

A

unilateral in 80% of cases

dilated pupil

once the pupil has constricted it remains small for an abnormally long time

slowly reactive to accommodation but very poorly (if at all) to light

Associated with absent ankle/knee reflexes

50
Q

what is a chalazion

A

retention cyst of the meibomian gland- should self resolve

51
Q

Marfan’s ocular issue

A

lens dislocation

52
Q

Blurring of vision again years after cataract surgery

A

Posterior capsule opacification

53
Q

‘Pizza’ appearance of retina

A

chorioretinitis

54
Q

chorioretinitis is associate with

55
Q

What electrolyte imbalance can cause cataracts

A

hypocalcaemia

56
Q

What could present like a chronic unilateral conjunctivitis resistant to treatment

A

Orbital lymphoma

57
Q

drops to differentiate episcleritis and scleritis

A

phenylephrine (vessels blanch in epi)

58
Q

What is a Hutchinson’s pupil

A

Unilaterally dilated pupil which is unresponsive to light. A result of compression of the occulomotor nerve of the same side, by an intracranial mass (e.g. tumour, haematoma)

59
Q
A

dacrocystitis

60
Q

black bone spicules

A

retinitis pigmentosa

61
Q

can you give topical steroids in herpes simplex keratitis

A

NO may worsen

MSRA (21 decks)

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