Pharmacology

Question 1

Routes of administration types

Answer 1

Enteral and Others

Question 2

Types of Enteral

Answer 2

Oral, Sublingual, Rectal

Question 3

Others

Answer 3

Parenteral (Injection and SC implantation)
Inhalation
Topical

Question 4

Advantages of oral route

Answer 4

Easy
Safe
Economic

Question 5

Mention disadvantages of oral route

Answer 5

1. Not used in emergency situations
2. Uncooperative patients (child, infant, psychotics, comatosed
3. Vomiting or severe diarrhea

Drug itself:

4. for highly irritant drugs
5. Poorly absorbable drugs
6. Some drugs undergo extensive first pass metabolism
   a) by digestive enzymes like insulin
   b) by hepatic microsomal enzymes like nitroglycerine

Question 6

Mention the advantages of this route

Answer 6

a) Easy administration.
b) Rapid onset of action (due to rapid absorption)

c) Good bioavailability: bypassing the gut and hepatic
first pass effect.

d) Proper control of dose: if adverse effects developed
by either spitting or swallowing the rest of the drug.

Question 7

Mention the advantages of inhalation route

Answer 7

Excellent and rapid absorption because
Large SA
Thin porous membrane
Rich blood supply of the alveoli

Question 8

Mention the disadvantages of inhalation route

Answer 8

Inaccurate dose

Drug may irritate pulmonary epithelium

Question 9

This is

Answer 9

Ampoule

Question 10

This is

Answer 10

Vial

Question 11

ROA of an ampoule and vial are

Answer 11

Prentral (I.V or I.M or SC)

Question 12

Oily preparations are injected by

Answer 12

Intra-muscular

Question 13

Onset of intramuscular is

Answer 13

5-10 minutes

Question 14

Fluid amount of Intramuscular

Answer 14

less than 5 mL

Question 15

Common sites of intramuscular injection

Answer 15

Deltoid
Dorsal gluteal
Ventro gluteal 
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris

Question 16

Vehicle of intramuscular injection

Answer 16

Aqueous, suspension or oily

Question 17

This is

Answer 17

intradermal

Question 18

volume of fluid should be

Answer 18

less than 0.5 mL

Question 19

Site of intradermal injection

Answer 19

Ventral forearm

Question 20

uses of intradermal injection

Answer 20

Sensitivity test

Immunization

Question 21

Needle angle of Intradermal

Answer 21

15 degrees

Question 22

is massage needed in intradermal

Answer 22

no, causes irritation

Question 23

Mention2 specific types of intravenous

Answer 23

bolus

infusion

Question 24

needle angle for intravenous

Answer 24

30

Question 25

common injection sites of intravenous

Answer 25

a- Peripheral veins: dorsum of the hand, cephalic vein, basilic vein, antecubital.

b- Central veins: internal jugular vein, subclavian, femoral.

c- In infants: scalp veins, umbilical vein (first 2 weeks of life).

Question 26

advantages of intravenous

Answer 26

a) Immediate onset (useful in emergencies).
b) 100% bioavailability ( useful in emergencies).
c) High plasma concentration.
d) Useful for irritant drugs.
e) Useful for large volume drugs.

Question 27

why intravenous useful in emergencies

Answer 27

DUE TO:

a) 100%bioavailability
b) Immediate onset.
c) High plasma concentration

Question 28

common injection sites for subcutaneous

Answer 28

• Outer arm. - Abdomen - Thigh.

- Buttocks.

Question 29

fluid amount for SC

Answer 29

less than 1 mL

Question 30

onset of action for SC

Answer 30

10-30 minutes

Question 31

SC delayed by

Answer 31

a) Vasoconstrictors.
b) Shock
c) Cold application.

Question 32

vehicle for SC

Answer 32

Aqueous solution or Suspension.

Question 33

mention 3 drugs can be given by SC

Answer 33

Heparin, insulin, adrenaline

Question 34

do u use irritant drugs with SC?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

Oily drugs can be injected via

Answer 35

IM injection

Question 36

ID used for

Answer 36

Vaccine or sensitivity test

Question 37

IV used for

Answer 37

administration of large volume of fluids, blood transfusion,
drugs either bolus injection or I.V infusions

Question 38

can IV use irritant drugs?

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

can IV use oily drugs

Answer 39

no