Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Allergy/Immunology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment options

A
  • Avoidance of triggers
  • Medications
  • Allergy injections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1st Gen Antihistamines

A
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
  • Chlorpheniramine (Chor-Trimenton)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1st Gen mechanism, onset

A

Mech: Blocking the actions of histamine at the receptor (H1) sites. Do not block histamine release.
Onset: 15-30 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1st Gen Effect, SE

A

Effect: Reduce sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, but NOT congestion.
SE: Sedation, anticholinergenic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1st Gen CI

A

Lactating mothers
Glaucoma
BPH
Children, Elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2nd Gen Antihistamines

A

Loratadine (Claritin)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is histamine stored?

A

Mast cells and basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does IgE bind?

A

Mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2nd Gen Mech. and Onset

A

Mech: Inhibits H1 receptors
Onset: Rapid, maximum effect 1-2.5 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2nd Gen Effect, SI

A

Effect: Reduced sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea but NOT congestion. Less sedating and long-acting
SE: anticholinergenic effects, but less than 1st gen. so OK for BPH, elderly etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anticholinergic effects

A

No shit
No spit
NO see = blurry vision
NO pee = NO men w/ prostate problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Decongestants

A

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed): Oral

Pseudoephedrine (Afrin): Intranasal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Decongestant Mechanism

A

Alpha-andrenergic agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Decongestant Effect, SI

A

Effect: Vasoconstriction restricts blood flow to nasal mucosa that has been dilated by histamine.
SI: HA, nervousness, irritability, tachy, palpitations, insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Decongestant CI

A
  • HTN, cardiovascular disease
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Glaucoma
  • Co-use w/ MAOI’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MAOI’s

A
  • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
  • Depression
  • Interact w/ everything
  • Causes malignant HTN
17
Q

Rhinitis Medicamentosa (RM)

A
  • Prolonged use of topical decongestant induce rebound congestion upon withdrawl.
  • Leads to hypertrophy is nasal mucosa, termed RM
  • Wean oral over 7-10 days
  • Nasal: do NOT use for over 3 days
18
Q

Combo Antihistamine/Decongestants (3)

A

Fexofenadine / Pseudo: Allegra D
Laratadine/ Pseudo: Claratin D
Cetirizine/ Pseudo: Zyrtec D

19
Q

Cromolyn Sodium (IN)

20
Q

Nasalcrom Mech

A

Mast cell stabilizing agent, reduces release of histamine and other mediators.

21
Q

Nasalcrom Effects, SE

A
  • Reduces nasal pruritis, sneezing, rhinorrhea, congestion.
  • Prophylactic use, start 4 weeks before.
  • Frequent dosing, non rx.
  • *No serious SE
22
Q

Intranasal Glucocorticoids (INGC’s)

A
  • Flonase
  • Nasonex
  • Beconase
  • Others*
23
Q

INGC mechanism

A
  • Disabling APC’s
  • Reduce stimulus for mast cell degredation
  • Reduce last-phase inflammation
  • supress neutrophil chemotaxis
  • mildly vasoconstrictive
  • reduce edema
24
Q

INGC Effect, SE

A

Reduce nasal blockage, pruritis, sneezing and rhinorrhea.
Single most effective agent used correctly
-Therapeutic effect within 1-3 days, max effect takes up to 3 weeks.
SE: nasal irritation, bleeding

25
Anticholinergic nasal spray
Ipaptroprium Bromide (Atrovent) - good for runny nose - reduces release of substance P
26
Leukotriene Inhibitors
Montelukast (Singulair) - Helpful for runny nose, congestion - Not first-line therapy - Only for asthma but approved for AR
27
Saline (IN)
NaSal, SeaMist, Ocean, Ayr | Relief from crusting and can be soothing
28
For eye allergies
1. Normal Saline 2. Azelastine (Optivar): inhibits histamine release 3. Olopatadine (Patanol): inhibits histamine release 4: Naphazoline (OPcon-A): antihistamine, decongestant. OTC
29
Allergy Injections
When meds and avoidance dont work. Effective for dust mites, cats, pollens. "Immunotherapy"
30
Mild AR Tx Plan
Non-sedating antihistamine and/or decongestants PRN
31
Persistant mild to moderate AR Tx
- IN steroid starting 1-2 weeks prior to season. - Non-sedating antihistamine/decongestant - Topical (eye) antihistamine
32
Severe AR Tx
- Topical nasal INGC's - Non-sedating antihistamine/decon - Short-term oral steroids - Consider immunologist refferal
33
Anaphylaxis
Acute systemic allergic rxn. | Type I hypersensitivity, IgE.
34
Anaphylaxis S/S
Tachy, Hypotensive, Wheezing, urticatria, facial swelling
35
Use of Epi Pen
* Immediate Tx imperative - No contraindications - IM is best route - Opens airway, raises BP - Can be re-administered every 5 minutes
36
Tx for anaphylaxis (acute)
SImple BLS, O2, shock position Epi 1:1000, .3-.5cc IM Benadryl IV (25-50mg), H2 blocker Corticosteroids (decadron, medrol)
37
Tx for anaphylaxis (continued)
``` Tx hypotension: IV fluids, Epi drip Albuterol Observe for 24 hrs Benadryl for 24 hrs Can repeat epi and antihistamine if rxn reoccurs ```

Allergy/Immunology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions