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Allergy/Immunology > Hypersensitivities > Flashcards

Hypersensitivities Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1

A
  • IgE mediated Disorders
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Degranulation of mast cells and basophils
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2
Q

Mediators of allergic rxns:

A 
Histamine
Complement
ACh
Leukotrienes and prostoglandins
Kinins
Eosinophils
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3
Q

2 subgroups of IgE mediated allergy

A

Atopy (rhinitis) and Anaphylaxis

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4
Q

Percentages of urticaria and angioedema in Type 1.

A

50% of the time there is both
40% of the time there is only urticaria
10% of the time only engioedema

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5
Q

Urticaria

A

Immune-mediated eruption of well-circumscribed wheals on an erythematous base
Snake-like (serpiginous)
May persist for 12-24 hrs, but most resolve sooner than this.

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6
Q

Idiopathic chronic urticaria is thought to be caused by an _________ _______.

A

Autoimmune process

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7
Q

Dermatographism

A

Gently stroking of the skin produces immediate wheal and flare response.

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8
Q

Pressure urticaria

A

Pressure to skin at right angle results in red swelling after about 4 hours.

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9
Q

Cold urticaria

A

Eruptions within minutes following application of cold

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10
Q

Cholinergic Urticaria

A

Punctate hives triggered by exercise or hot shower

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11
Q

Aquagenic urticaria

A

hives after contact with water

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12
Q

Solar urticaria

A

Hives developing after exposure to light

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13
Q

Substances that may aggravate urticaria and angioedema

A

ASA, NSAIDS, ETOH, ACE inhibitors, certain foods

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14
Q

Often times Thyroid issues and H. Pylori are associated with?

A

Chronic urticaria and angioedema

Get thyroid panel, sed rate and H. Pylori

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15
Q

Anaphylactiod Reaction

A

Responses are clinically indistinguishable from anaphylaxis but are not IgE mediated.
-First-time exposure of contrast dye

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16
Q

Anaphylaxis presentation

A

Resp. tract involvement in 50%
Hypotensive shock in 30%
-third-spacing of 50% of up to blood volume

17
Q

Chronic urticaria mgmt

A

Education, it will generally go away within a year.

18
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity examples.

A 
Anaplylaxis
Angioedema
Bronchospasm
Urticaria
Allergic rhinitis
19
Q

Type II

A

Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

20
Q

Type II Mechanism

A
  • Either IgG or IgM is made against normal self antigens.
  • either a failure of immune tolerance, or a foreign antigen resembling a molecule on host cells enters and antibodies are made, which cross-react.
21
Q

At a cellular level, type II leads to…

A

Opsonization of host cells
Activation of classical complement
Antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC)
-destruction of host cells

22
Q

Examples of Type II diseases

A
  1. AB and Rh blood group rxns
  2. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
  3. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, graves disease
  4. Myasthenia gravis
  5. Goodpasture’s syndrome
  6. MS
  7. Interstitial nephritis
23
Q

Hemolytic transfusion rxn triad

A

Fever/chills, back pain, burning at transfusion site.

24
Q

Type III

A

Immune complex disease

Antigen-antibody complexes form and travel throughout the body and are deposited into tissues, causing inflammation.

25
Q

Favorite sites of Type III deposition

A

Glomeruli, joints, skin, heart, serosal surfaces, small blood vessels.
Tissue death and inflammation occur wherever the complexes are deposited.

26
Q

Types of Type III diseases

A
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Systemic Lupus Erythamatous
27
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis is generally ______?

A

Symmetric. as opposed to osteoarthritis

28
Q

Type IV

A

Delayed, cell mediated hypersensitivity

Initiated by activated T-lymphocytes

29
Q

Type 1 Type IV

A

Mediated by CD4 T cells, release cytokines and leukocytes that promote inflammation.

30
Q

Type 2 Type IV

A

Mediated by CD8 T cells that directly kill tissue cells

31
Q

Types of Type IV diseases

A
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Temopral arteritis
  • Celiac Sprue
  • Graft vs. host
  • Type I DM
32
Q

T or F: Food and drug reactions usually cause chronic urticaria.

A

False. Food and drug reactions usually do NOT cause chronic urticaria, but can cause fleeting urticaria and angioedema.

33
Q

T or F: The key to managing angioedema and urticaria is a thorough physical examination.

A

False: The key to managing urticaria and angioedema is a thorough history. Identify triggers.

34
Q

What is the most common adverse blood transfusion reaction?

A

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. These are unpleasant, but have no lasting effects.

Allergy/Immunology (10 decks)

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