Introduction

Question 1

Infection

Answer 1

Ability of a pathogen to enter host, multiply and stimulate an immune response.

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

Clinical manifestations associated with infection

Question 3

Allergy

Answer 3

An exaggerated response by the immune system to an allergen

Question 4

Allergen

Answer 4

A normally harmless substance that causes an allergic rxn.

Question 5

Immediate reaction

Answer 5

Occurs within seconds and normally lasts for about 30 minutes.

Question 6

Delayed reaction

Answer 6

Takes longer to react and can last for a much longer time.

Question 7

Histamines Cause

Answer 7

Swelling of tissues
Release of fluids (runny nose)
Muscle spasms (some cases)

Question 8

Tx for allergies

Answer 8

Avoidance
Epi
Antihistamines (benadryl)

Question 9

Anaphylaxis

Answer 9

IgE related systemic rxn. Can be fatal.

Question 10

Antigen

Answer 10

Anything that binds to immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor.

Question 11

Innate immunity

Answer 11

non-specific (barriers)

Question 12

Adaptive immunity

Answer 12

Specific (primary and secondary)

Question 13

Active imminity (natural)

Answer 13

Naturally acquired.

• Antigens enter the body naturally with response of innate and adaptive immune systems.
• Provides long-term protection

Question 14

Passive Immunity (natural)

Answer 14

Naturally acquired
-antibodies pass from mother to fetus
  -across placenta (IgG)
  -through breast milk (IgA)
Provides immediate short-term protection

Question 15

Active (artificial)

Answer 15

Antigens enter body through vaccination

Question 16

Passive (artificial)

Answer 16

Antibodies from immune individuals injected into body

Question 17

Skin Barrier

Answer 17

First line of defense

Tears, sweat, acidic

Question 18

Mucus and Cilia, Saliva

Answer 18

First line of defense
they catch invaders and cough them out or eat them
Saliva contains chemicals that break down bacteria

Question 19

Second Line of defense

Answer 19

Non-specific immune response

• phagocytosis
• NK cells
• infmammation
• Fever

Question 20

Inflammatory response

Answer 20

Injured cells release histamines

• capillaries dilate
• pyrogens released
• pain receptors activate
• WBC’s travel to area

Question 21

Third line of defense

Answer 21

Specific immune response.

antigen-antibody response

Question 22

Thymus gland

Answer 22

Educates T-lymphocytes

Question 23

Bone marrow

Answer 23

Educates B-lymphocytes

Question 24

Lymph nodes and spleen

Answer 24

act as filters, trap foreign particles

Question 25

Monocytes

Answer 25

Type of lymphocytes

• formed in bone marrow/transported to area of need.
• Become macrophages

Question 26

T-cells

Answer 26

T-lymphocytes
Mature in thymus gland
Cellmediated immunity

Question 27

B cells

Answer 27

B lymphocytes
Mature in bone marrow
Antibody-mediated immunity

Question 28

3 categories of immune dysfunction

Answer 28

Immunodeficiencies
  -diminished response
  -deficiencies
Autoimmunity
  -Failure ot distinguish self from non-self
  -attacks part of the body
Hyeprsensitivities
  -Damaging immune response

Question 29

Type I Hypersensitivity

Answer 29

Immediate or anaphylactic rxn, associated w/ allergy.

- mediated by IgE

Question 30

Type II Hypersensitivity

Answer 30

Antibodies bind to antigens on the patient’s own cells.
“Cytotoxic hypersensitivity”
Mediated by IgG and IgM
- Myasthenia Gravis

Question 31

Type III hypersensitivity

Answer 31

Immune complex mediated.
Triggered by aggregations of antigen, complement, IgG and IgM. Deposited in various tissues.
- Lupus and Churg Strauss
- Can cause kidney disease, clots, stroke.

Question 32

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Answer 32

“T-cell mediated, Delayed Type”
Takes btw 2 and 3 days to develop.
Cell-mediated response, NOT antibody-mediated.
ex. TB Test