Blood Group Immunology Flashcards
Immunohematology
Immunology involving all the components of the blood.
- RBC’s WBC’s, Platelets, Plasma components
- Study of blood groups, transfusions
- Organ transplants
- Paternity testing
Karl Lansteiner
Discovered the blood groups.
Good for him.
Whole blood products
Patients who need volume AND cells.
Packed cells
Patients who need red cell mass
1 unit packed red cells increases HCT by ____ and Hgb by ____
3% and 1g/dl
ABO Basics
- Blood group antigens are sugars “built into” the red blood cell.
- Individuals inherit a gene which codes for specific sugar(s) to be added.
- The type added determines the blood group
In an emergency, type _____ packed RBC’s should be given.
O. Universal donor
Blood groups refer to the ______ properties of blood constituents.
Antigenic
Population %’s in each blood group
O: 45%
A: 40%
B: 11%
AB: 4%
Group A
A antigens
Anti-B antibodies
Can receive A and O
Group O
NO antigens
Anti A and B antibodies
Universal donor
Can only receive O
Group AB
No antibodies
A and B antigens
Universal acceptor
Can receive anything
Group B
B antigens
Anti-A antibodies
Can only receive B and O
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (HTR)
- Occurs when an individual is transfused with an incompatible blood group.
- Cells will agglutinate and lyse.
- May result in death
Which immunoglobulin is responsible for a transfusion rxn?
IgM.
The rxn can be acute or delayed, but results in intravascular hemolysis, and free Hgb being released into plasma.
