pharmacology Flashcards
topical drops
what is required for topical drops?
- required to act on surface
- require corneal penetration
is epithelium hydrophilic or hydrophobic
hydrophobic (lipophilic)
is stroma hydrophilic or hydrophobic
hydrophilic (lipophobic)
what do lipid soluble drugs penetrate?
epithelium
is prednisolone acetate hydrophobic/philic?
hydrophobic
is prednisolone phosphate hydrophobic/philic?
hydrophilic
what is benzalkonium used for?
-preservative disrupts the lipid layer of tear film and aids penetration of some drugs
what should patients do to stop eye drops travel systemically?
cover the ducts
how may you administer drugs injection?
(AI and steroids)- sub-conjunctival
(anaesthetic) -subtenons (under conjuntiva)
- intravitrael (anti vegf for age related disease)
- intracameral (goes into anterior chamber used for antibiotics)
what is the most common topical antibiotic?
chloramphenicol
oflaxicin
what are steroids used for?
suppress inflammation
used for:
- post op cataracts
- uveitis
- to prevent corneal graft rejection
what eye complications does temporal arteritis (GCA) cause?
- blindness or partial blindness
- anterior ischaemic neuropathy
side effects of steroids?
most common topical steroid?
-dexamethasone/prednisolone acetate
treatment for glaucoma?
-glaucoma eye drops
symptoms of glaucoma?
- usually asymptomatic
- slowly progresses and start to lose peripheral field
risk factors for glaucoma?
- FH
- ethnicity (black american, asian)
- thin cornea
- uveitis
what is some glaucoma medication?
first line tretment for acute angle glaucoma?
first line= laser treatment
unless there is a difference in pressure and then first line is medication
when is intravitreal used?
what is this?
endophthalmitis
-white line at bottom is build up of inflammatory and white blood cells
what is this?
- wet macular degeneration
- wear and tear of back of the eye
