eye autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

where does sympathetic innervation exit the spinal cord?

A

T1-L2 spinal nerves

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2
Q

where do pre synaptic axons from CNS exit the spinal cord and travel in the head and neck?

A

-they exit spinal cord in T1 spinal nerve then ascend within the sympathetic chain and synapse in superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

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3
Q

where do post synaptic sympathetic axons travel in head and neck?

A
  • enter the internal and external carotid nerves
  • pass onto the surface of the internal and external carotid arteries
  • are carried to the organs of the head and neck on the surface of the branches of these arteries
  • the ophthalmic artery carries the sympathetic axons into the orbit
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4
Q

where do all parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

A

-via cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X via sacral spinal nerves

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5
Q

is the ciliary ganglion sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

-parasympathetic ganglion

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6
Q

where is the ciliary ganglion located?

A

-in the bony orbit

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7
Q

which division of the Oculomotor nerve relates to the ciliary ganglion?

A

-inferior division

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8
Q
A
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9
Q
A
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10
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11
Q
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12
Q
A
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13
Q

what does CNV1 sensory innervate in the face?

A
  • upper eyelid
  • cornea
  • conjunctiva
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14
Q

which divisions of the trigeminal nerve are only sensory?

A

CNV1 and CNV2 (ophthalmic and maxillary)

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15
Q

what does CNV2 sensory innervate in the face?

A
  • skin of the lower eyelid

- skin her maxilla

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16
Q

what does CNV3 innervate sensory of the face?

A
  • skin over mandible and TMJ (temporomandibular joint)

- except angle of mandible

17
Q

what nerve opens the eyelid?

A

oculomotor

18
Q

what is the orbiculares oculi?

A

-muscle located on the eyelids

19
Q

what is the most densely innervated part of the face?

20
Q

role of corneal reflex?

A

-stop any irritants from entering the eye, protecting the cornea

21
Q

what nerve is involved in the afferent (sensory) part of the corneal reflex?

A

CNV1 (ophthalmic division of trigeminal)

22
Q

what nerve is involved in the efferent (motor) part of the corneal reflex?

A

CNVII (facial) (closes it)

23
Q

what us the vestibulo ocular reflex?

A
  • turns the eyes in the opposite direction to a head movement
  • stabilises gaze on an object during head movement
24
Q

what cranial nerves control the vestibulo ocular reflex?

A

CN VIII for vestibular part

CN III, IV and VI for move the eye

25
what is the oculocardiac reflex?
- reflex bradycardia in response to tension on extra ocular muscles or pressure on the eye - basically pulling on the eye muscles can cause bradycardia, patients can get syncope from it
26
what encircle the pupil causing it to constrict when there is bright light?
sphincter papillae fibres which are around the circumference of the iris
27
is constriction of the pupil parasympathetic or sympathetic?
parasympathetic -in bright light 'rest and digest'
28
is dilation of the pupil sympathetic or parasympathetic?
-sympathetic
29
what fibres causes the pupil to dilate?
dilator papillae fibres
30
what's a myadritic pupil?
-when myadriatic drugs induce dilation of the pupil
31
what's a non physiologically constricted pupil called?
miotic pupil (this is a feature of Horner's syndrome_