pharmacology Flashcards
what do lipid soluble drugs penetrate
epithelium
what do water soluble drugs penetrate
stroma
is prednisolone acetate hyrdophobic or hydrophilic
hydrophobic
-good penetration in uninflamed cornea
what does benzalkonium do
disrupts lipid layer of tear film
-its a preservative
most common administration of anaesthetic
subtenons
forms of intra administration
- intravitreal
- intracameral
what are intravitreal injections used for
age related disease
-anti-vegef
where does intracameral go
anterior chamber
what is the most common topical antibiotic
chloramphenicol
what antibiotic would you use for a contact related ulcer
ofloxacin
what are steriods used topically in
- post op cataracts
- uveitis
- to prevent corneal graft injection
what is temporal arteritis
is where the arteries, particularly those at the side of the head (the temples), become inflamed. It’s serious and needs urgent treatment.
what are side effects for steroids in the eyes
- cataracts
- glaucoma
- exacerbation of viral infection
examples of topical steroids for eyes
- FML
- predsol
- betamathasone
symptoms of glaucoma
usually asymptomatic
- tunnel vision
- start to lose peripheral field
- chronic disease
risk factors for glaucoma
family history ethnicity previous operations iatrogenic uveitis
glaucoma medication
- prostanoids
- beta blockers
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- alpha 2 adrenergic agonist (brimonidine)
- parasympathomimetic (pilocarpine)
first line treatment for acute angular glaucoma
try medications but then laser surgery
what drugs are administered intravitreally
- antibiotics in endophthalmitis
- intra-ocular steroids
- anti-VEGF
what is this
wet macular degeneration
what does local anaesthetic do
blocks sodium channels and impedes nerve conduction
what are local anaesthetics used for
- FB removal
- tonometry
- corneal scraping
what are diagnostic dyes used to show
- corneal abrasion
- dendritic ulcer
what do mydriatics do
cause pupil dilation by blocking parasympathetic supply to iris
-cause cycloplegia (stop lens focusing)
what do sympathomimetics do
-causes pupil to dilate
should you give topical steroids to a herpetic keratitis
never
what drop has this patient used
pilocarpine
what does atropine do to the pupil
dilates it
what drug has this patient had
ethambutol
