pharmacology

Question 1

what do lipid soluble drugs penetrate

Answer 1

epithelium

Question 2

what do water soluble drugs penetrate

Answer 2

stroma

Question 3

is prednisolone acetate hyrdophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 3

hydrophobic

-good penetration in uninflamed cornea

Question 4

what does benzalkonium do

Answer 4

disrupts lipid layer of tear film

-its a preservative

Question 5

most common administration of anaesthetic

Answer 5

subtenons

Question 6

forms of intra administration

Answer 6

• intravitreal

- intracameral

Question 7

what are intravitreal injections used for

Answer 7

age related disease

-anti-vegef

Question 8

where does intracameral go

Answer 8

anterior chamber

Question 9

what is the most common topical antibiotic

Answer 9

chloramphenicol

Question 10

what antibiotic would you use for a contact related ulcer

Answer 10

ofloxacin

Question 11

what are steriods used topically in

Answer 11

• post op cataracts
• uveitis
• to prevent corneal graft injection

Question 12

what is temporal arteritis

Answer 12

is where the arteries, particularly those at the side of the head (the temples), become inflamed. It’s serious and needs urgent treatment.

Question 13

what are side effects for steroids in the eyes

Answer 13

• cataracts
• glaucoma
• exacerbation of viral infection

Question 14

examples of topical steroids for eyes

Answer 14

• FML
• predsol
• betamathasone

Question 15

symptoms of glaucoma

Answer 15

usually asymptomatic

• tunnel vision
• start to lose peripheral field
• chronic disease

Question 16

risk factors for glaucoma

Answer 16

family history
ethnicity
previous operations 
iatrogenic 
uveitis

Question 17

glaucoma medication

Answer 17

• prostanoids
• beta blockers
• carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• alpha 2 adrenergic agonist (brimonidine)
• parasympathomimetic (pilocarpine)

Question 18

first line treatment for acute angular glaucoma

Answer 18

try medications but then laser surgery

Question 19

what drugs are administered intravitreally

Answer 19

• antibiotics in endophthalmitis
• intra-ocular steroids
• anti-VEGF

Question 20

what is this

Answer 20

wet macular degeneration

Question 21

what does local anaesthetic do

Answer 21

blocks sodium channels and impedes nerve conduction

Question 22

what are local anaesthetics used for

Answer 22

• FB removal
• tonometry
• corneal scraping

Question 23

what are diagnostic dyes used to show

Answer 23

• corneal abrasion

- dendritic ulcer

Question 24

what do mydriatics do

Answer 24

cause pupil dilation by blocking parasympathetic supply to iris
-cause cycloplegia (stop lens focusing)

Question 25

what do sympathomimetics do

Answer 25

-causes pupil to dilate

Question 26

should you give topical steroids to a herpetic keratitis

Answer 26

never

Question 27

what drop has this patient used

Answer 27

pilocarpine

Question 28

what does atropine do to the pupil

Answer 28

dilates it

Question 29

what drug has this patient had

Answer 29

ethambutol