clinical pathology Flashcards
most common cause of cataracts
age realted
can cumulative UVB damage increase likelihood of a cataract
yes
causes of cataracts
- hypertension
- smoking
- post op and trauma
- metabolic disorders
- genetic
- diabetes
what is a glaucoma
abnormal increase in pressure in the eye
-pressure in the eye is related to the amount of vitreous fluid and anteriorly aqueous humour
what is an angle closure glaucoma
iris is essentially opposed to anterior eye and fluid can’t get passed to the meshwork
open glaucoma
-slow onset
-
closed glaucoma
- acute red eye
- visual loss
- headache
- can lose site quickly
- zap a hole in iris with a laser
- 1/3 emergency
what is cupping of the disc
essentially the edges of the disc become rolled up and the centre becomes depressed
what is a papilloedema
swelling of the optic nerve/disc
what is ARMD
age related macular degenration
what does it mean if its dry ARMD
no significant vascular proliferation
what does it mean if it is wet ARMD
vascular proliferation
- neurovascularisation in choroid
- mediated by VEGF
- new vessels are small and fragile and therefore leaky
- more likely to result in visual loss
what is drusen
proteins and lipids and inflammatory mediators
hyperglycaemia affect on the eye
changes to osmotic pressures in the anterior chamber of the eye in front of the lens
eye manifestations of type 1 diabetes
blurred vision
